Identification of genetic differences in drug metabolism: Prediction of individual risk of toxicity or cancer

Daniel W. Nebert – 1 August 1991 – These two reports describe recombinant DNA tests that can identify individuals having a defect in the cytochrome P450IID6 (CYP2D6)‐mediated oxidative metabolism of debrisoquine and more than two dozen other drugs that are commonly prescribed. The poor metabolizer (PM), representing 5% to 10% of the northern European white population is homozygous for an autosomal recessive trait. Compared with the extensive metabolizer (EM) phenotype, the PM individual is more prone to toxicity caused by some of these drugs.

Binding and internalization of transforming growth factor‐β1 by human hepatoma cells: Evidence for receptor recycling

Kim A. Sathre, Monica L.‐S. Tsang, James A. Weatherbee, Clifford J. Steer – 1 August 1991 – Cellular processing of 125I‐labeled transforming growth factor‐β1 was investigated in the human hepatoma cell lines Hep G2 and Hep 3B. Binding of 125I‐transforming growth factor‐β1 to cell surface receptors was specific, saturable and calciumindependent. Both cell lines exhibited a single class of high‐affinity (Kd = 2.2 × 10−10 mol/L) binding sites (4.5 × 103 for the Hep G2 cell; 1.5 × 103 for the Hep 3B cell) for both human and porcine transforming growth factor‐β1.

Prognosis of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: An evaluation based on multivariate analysis of 90 cases

Yuka Akashi, Chizu Koreeda, Shigeki Enomoto, Shozo Uchiyama, Takako Mizuno, Yasuko Shiozaki, Yoshiko Sameshima, Kyoichi Inoue – 1 August 1991 – A multivariate analysis of data from 90 patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma was performed using Cox's regression model to identify factors possibly affecting their prognoses. Thirty‐one patients underwent arterial anticancer chemotherapy, and the remaining 59 patients received transcatheter arterial embolization with anticancer agents.

Antithrombin III supplementation reduces heparin requirement and platelet loss during hemodialysis of patients with fulminant hepatic failure

Peter G. Langley, Rick Keays, Robin D. Hughes, Alastair Forbes, Ullrich Delvos, Roger Williams – 1 August 1991 – Previous studies have shown that antithrombin III levels are low in fulminant hepatic failure, and heparin kinetics are abnormal, making control of heparinization difficult during hemodialysis of these patients who are at risk of bleeding.

Effect of oral propranolol administration on azygos, renal and hepatic uptake and output of catecholamines in cirrhosis

Flemming Bendtsen, Niels Juel Christensen, Thorkild I. A. Sørensen, Jens H. Henriksen – 1 August 1991 – Circulating catecholamines are increased in cirrhosis with portal hypertension, and increase further after propranolol. In 23 cirrhotic patients, plasma norepinephrine and epinephrine were determined in an artery, the azygos vein, the right renal vein and a hepatic vein before and after an oral 80‐mg dose of propranolol.

Prevalence of antibody to hepatitis C virus among Saudi Arabian children: A community‐based study

Faleh Z. Al‐Faleh, E. Ayobanji Ayoola, Mohammed Al‐Jeffry, Rashed Al‐Rashed, Mohammed Al‐Mofarreh, Mohammed Arif, Sami Ramia, Mohammed Al‐Karawi, Mohammed Al‐Shabrawy – 1 August 1991 – In a population‐based survey, 39 (0.90%) of 4,496 Saudi Arabian children (ages 1 to 10) were positive for antibody to hepatitis C virus. No significant difference was seen between the prevalence rate in males (0.9%) and females (0.8%) or between urban (0.7%) and rural dwellers (1.0%). A significant variation of rates (0% to 5.7%) was seen from one region to another.

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