Detection of Hepatitis B Virus–Host Junction Sequences in Urine of Infected Patients

Selena Y. Lin, Yih‐Ping Su, Evan R. Trauger, Benjamin P. Song, Emilie G.C. Thompson, Malcolm C. Hoffman, Ting‐Tsung Chang, Yih‐Jyh Lin, Yu‐Lan Kao, Yixiao Cui, Hie‐Won Hann, Grace Park, Fwu‐Shan Shieh, Wei Song, Ying‐Hsiu Su – 24 August 2021 – Integrated hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA, found in more than 85% of HBV‐associated hepatocellular carcinomas (HBV‐HCCs), can play a significant role in HBV‐related liver disease progression. HBV‐host junction sequences (HBV‐JSs), created through integration events, have been used to determine HBV‐HCC clonality.

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells From Subjects With Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis Develop a Senescence Phenotype Following Biliary Differentiation

Nidhi Jalan‐Sakrikar, Thiago M. De Assuncao, Amaia Navarro‐Corcuera, Feda H. Hamdan, Lorena Loarca, Lindsey A. Kirkeby, Zachary T. Resch, Steven P. O’Hara, Brian D. Juran, Konstantinos N. Lazaridis, Charles B. Rosen, Julie K. Heimbach, Timucin Taner, Vijay H. Shah, Nicholas F. LaRusso, Robert C. Huebert – 24 August 2021 – Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic fibroinflammatory disease of the biliary tract characterized by cellular senescence and periportal fibrogenesis.

The Detrimental Role of Regulatory T Cells in Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis

Janine Dywicki, Laura Elisa Buitrago‐Molina, Fatih Noyan, Ana C. Davalos‐Misslitz, Katharina L. Hupa‐Breier, Maren Lieber, Martin Hapke, Jerome Schlue, Christine S. Falk, Solaiman Raha, Immo Prinz, Christian Koenecke, Michael P. Manns, Heiner Wedemeyer, Matthias Hardtke‐Wolenski, Elmar Jaeckel – 24 August 2021 – Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is induced by steatosis and metabolic inflammation. While involvement of the innate immune response has been shown, the role of the adaptive immune response in NASH remains controversial.

Short‐Term Safety of Repeated Acetaminophen Use in Patients With Compensated Cirrhosis

Mitchell R. McGill, Laura P. James, Sandra S. McCullough, Jeffery H. Moran, Samuel E. Mathews, Eric C. Peterson, Davis P. Fleming, Morgan E. Tripod, Joel H. Vazquez, Stefanie Kennon‐McGill, Horace J. Spencer, Jonathan A. Dranoff – 24 August 2021 – Current guidelines recommend restricting acetaminophen (APAP) use in patients with cirrhosis, but evidence to support that recommendation is lacking.

Therapeutic Underuse and Delay in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Prevalence, Associated Factors, and Clinical Impact

Rajalakshmi Govalan, Michael Luu, Marie Lauzon, Kambiz Kosari, Joseph C. Ahn, Nicole E Rich, Nicholas Nissen, Lewis R. Roberts, Amit G. Singal, Ju Dong Yang – 24 August 2021 – Prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) could be affected by lack of or delayed therapy. We aimed to characterize the prevalence, correlates, and clinical impact of therapeutic underuse and delay in patients with HCC. Patients with HCC diagnosed between 2010 and 2017 were analyzed from the United States National Cancer Database.

Capsid Allosteric Modulators Enhance the Innate Immune Response in Hepatitis B Virus–Infected Hepatocytes During Interferon Administration

Keisuke Fukutomi, Hayato Hikita, Kazuhiro Murai, Tasuku Nakabori, Akiyoshi Shimoda, Makoto Fukuoka, Takuo Yamai, Yuichiro Higuchi, Kei Miyakawa, Hiroshi Suemizu, Akihide Ryo, Ryoko Yamada, Takahiro Kodama, Ryotaro Sakamori, Tomohide Tatsumi, Tetsuo Takehara – 24 August 2021 – Capsid allosteric modulators (CAMs) inhibit the encapsidation of hepatitis B virus (HBV) pregenomic RNA (pgRNA), which contains a pathogen‐associated molecular pattern motif.

WNT7B Regulates Cholangiocyte Proliferation and Function During Murine Cholestasis

Karis Kosar, Pamela Cornuet, Sucha Singh, Elizabeth Lee, Silvia Liu, Jenesis Gayden, Toshifumi Sato, Zachary Freyberg, Gavin Arteel, Kari Nejak‐Bowen – 24 August 2021 – We previously identified an up‐regulation of specific Wnt proteins in the cholangiocyte compartment during cholestatic liver injury and found that mice lacking Wnt secretion from hepatocytes and cholangiocytes showed fewer proliferating cholangiocytes and high mortality in response to a 3,5‐diethoxycarbonyl‐1,4‐dihydrocollidine (DDC) diet, a murine model of primary sclerosing cholangitis.

Globo H Is a Promising Theranostic Marker for Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma

Tsai‐Hsien Hung, Jung‐Tung Hung, Chiao‐En Wu, Yenlin Huang, Chien‐Wei Lee, Chau‐Ting Yeh, Yi‐Hsiu Chung, Fei‐Yun Lo, Li‐Chun Lai, John K. Tung, John Yu, Chun‐Nan Yeh, Alice L. Yu – 23 August 2021 – Recent studies support the development of cancer therapeutics to target Globo H‐ceramide, the most prevalent tumor‐associated carbohydrate antigen in epithelial cancers.

RORα Enhances Lysosomal Acidification and Autophagic Flux in the Hepatocytes

Hyeon‐Ji Kim, Yong‐Hyun Han, Ju‐Yeon Kim, Mi‐Ock Lee – 23 August 2021 – Lysosomes are intracellular acidic organelles with catabolic functions that contribute to the activation of autophagy. Although autophagy abnormality is associated with defects in lysosomal acidification during the progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the mechanisms of control of lysosomal acidification are not well understood at the molecular level.

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