Trials & Tribulations of Liver Transplantation‐ are trials now prohibitive without surrogate endpoints?

James Richards, Alex Gimson, Yexin Joh, Christopher J.E. Watson, James Neuberger – 18 January 2021 – During the past 5 decades, liver transplantation has moved from its pioneering days where success was measured in days to a point where it is viewed as a routine part of medical care. Despite this progress, there are still significant unmet needs and outstanding questions that need addressing in clinical trials to improve outcomes for patients.

Sex and Menopause Modify the Effect of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Genotypes on Fibrosis in NAFLD

Kara Wegermann, Melanie E. Garrett, Jiayin Zheng, Andrea Coviello, Cynthia A. Moylan, Manal F. Abdelmalek, Shein‐Chung Chow, Cynthia D. Guy, Anna Mae Diehl, Allison Ashley‐Koch, Ayako Suzuki – 17 January 2021 – The development of fibrosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is influenced by genetics, sex, and menopausal status, but whether genetic susceptibility to fibrosis is influenced by sex and reproductive status is unclear.

Sarcopenia in Children With End‐Stage Liver Disease on the Transplant Waiting List

Jessica P. Woolfson, Manuela Perez, Govind B. Chavhan, Fatema T. Johara, Eberhard Lurz, Binita M. Kamath, Vicky L. Ng – 17 January 2021 – Sarcopenia predicts morbidity and mortality in adults with end‐stage liver disease (ESLD) and is determined by total psoas muscle area (tPMA) measurement from computed tomography (CT) imaging. Recently developed pediatric age‐ and sex‐specific tPMA growth curves provide the opportunity to ascertain prevalence and impact of sarcopenia in children awaiting liver transplantation (LT).

Cost‐Effectiveness of Primary Liver Transplantation Versus Hepatoportoenterostomy in the Management of Biliary Atresia in the United States

Vikram K. Raghu, James E. Squires, Douglas B. Mogul, Robert H. Squires, Patrick J. McKiernan, George V. Mazariegos, Kenneth J. Smith – 17 January 2021 – Biliary atresia (BA) is the leading indication to perform a pediatric liver transplantation (LT). Timely hepatoportoenterostomy (HPE) attempts to interrupt the natural history and allow for enteric bile flow; however, most patients who are treated with HPE require LT by the age of 10 years. We determined the cost‐effectiveness of foregoing HPE to perform primary LT (pLT) in children with BA compared with standard‐of‐care HPE management.

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