Neuroinflammation in Murine Cirrhosis Is Dependent on the Gut Microbiome and Is Attenuated by Fecal Transplant

Runping Liu, Jason D. Kang, R. Balfour Sartor, Masoumeh Sikaroodi, Andrew Fagan, Edith A. Gavis, Huiping Zhou, Phillip B. Hylemon, Jeremy W. Herzog, Xiaojiaoyang Li, Robert H. Lippman, Javier Gonzalez‐Maeso, James B. Wade, Siddhartha Ghosh, Emily Gurley, Patrick M. Gillevet, Jasmohan S. Bajaj – 20 June 2019 – Cirrhosis and hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is associated with an altered gut–liver–brain axis. Fecal microbial transplant (FMT) after antibiotics improves outcomes in HE, but the impact on brain function is unclear.

Exome Sequencing in Clinical Hepatology

Sílvia Vilarinho, Pramod K. Mistry – 20 June 2019 – The clinical relevance of the Human Genome Project and next‐generation sequencing technology was demonstrated for the first time in 2009, when whole‐exome sequencing (WES) provided the definitive diagnosis of congenital chloride diarrhea in an infant with presumed renal salt‐wasting disease. Over the past decade, numerous studies have shown the utility of WES for clinical diagnosis as well as for discovery of novel genetic disorders through analysis of a single or a handful of informative pedigrees.

A North American Expert Opinion Statement on Sarcopenia in Liver Transplantation

Elizabeth J. Carey, Jennifer C. Lai, Christopher Sonnenday, Elliot B. Tapper, Puneeta Tandon, Andres Duarte‐Rojo, Michael A. Dunn, Cynthia Tsien, Eric R. Kallwitz, Vicky Ng, Srinivasan Dasarathy, Matthew Kappus, Mustafa R. Bashir, Aldo J. Montano‐Loza – 20 June 2019 – Loss of muscle mass and function, or sarcopenia, is a common feature of cirrhosis and contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality in this population.

Long‐Term Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in HCV Patients Treated With Direct Acting Antiviral Agents

Fasiha Kanwal, Jennifer R. Kramer, Steven M. Asch, Yumei Cao, Liang Li, Hashem B. El‐Serag – 20 June 2019 – Sustained virologic response (SVR) after direct acting antiviral agents (DAAs) holds promise for reducing hepatocellular cancer (HCC). DAAs have recently been available long enough to estimate the long‐term risk. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of hepatitis C virus (HCV) patients who achieved SVR with DAAs from 129 Veterans Health Administration hospitals between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2015, with follow‐up through September 30, 2018.

Sofosbuvir and Ribavirin Therapy for Children Aged 3 to <12 Years With Hepatitis C Virus Genotype 2 or 3 Infection

Philip Rosenthal, Kathleen B. Schwarz, Regino P. Gonzalez‐Peralta, Chuan‐Hao Lin, Deidre A. Kelly, Scott Nightingale, William F. Balistreri, Sanjay Bansal, Maureen M. Jonas, Benedetta Massetto, Diana M. Brainard, Chia‐Hsiang Hsueh, Jiang Shao, Bandita Parhy, Suzanne Davison, Cornelia Feiterna‐Sperling, Lynette A. Gillis, Giuseppe Indolfi, Etienne M. Sokal, Karen F. Murray, Stefan Wirth – 20 June 2019 – Currently, the only approved hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment for children aged <12 years is pegylated interferon plus ribavirin.

Hepatocyte TNF Receptor–Associated Factor 6 Aggravates Hepatic Inflammation and Fibrosis by Promoting Lysine 6–Linked Polyubiquitination of Apoptosis Signal‐Regulating Kinase 1

Yutao Wang, Huan Wen, Jiajun Fu, Lin Cai, Peng‐Long Li, Chang‐Ling Zhao, Zhu‐feng Dong, Jun‐peng Ma, Xi Wang, Han Tian, Yan Zhang, Ye Liu, Jingjing Cai, Zhi‐Gang She, Zan Huang, Wenhua Li, Hongliang Li – 20 June 2019 – Activation of apoptosis signal‐regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) is a key driving force of the progression of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and represents an attractive therapeutic target for NASH treatment. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying ASK1 activation in the pathogenesis of NASH remain incompletely understood.

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