Constitutive Androstane Receptor Differentially Regulates Bile Acid Homeostasis in Mouse Models of Intrahepatic Cholestasis

Kang Ho Kim, Jong Min Choi, Feng Li, Bingning Dong, Clavia Ruth Wooton‐Kee, Armando Arizpe, Sayeepriyadarshini Anakk, Sung Yun Jung, Sean M. Hartig, David D. Moore – 4 December 2018 – Bile acid (BA) homeostasis is tightly regulated by multiple transcription factors, including farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and small heterodimer partner (SHP). We previously reported that loss of the FXR/SHP axis causes severe intrahepatic cholestasis, similar to human progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 5 (PFIC5).

Gallstone Disease and Type 2 Diabetes Risk: A Mendelian Randomization Study

Fei Wang, Jing Wang, Yaru Li, Jing Yuan, Ping Yao, Sheng Wei, Huan Guo, Xiaomin Zhang, Handong Yang, Tangchun Wu, Meian He – 4 December 2018 – The presence of gallstone disease (GSD) was reported to be positively associated with diabetes risk. Whether the association is causal remains unclear. We aim to examine the potential causal association between GSD and type 2 diabetes risk using a Mendelian randomization analysis. Observational study was conducted among 16,299 participants who were free of cancer, heart disease, stroke, and diabetes at baseline in the Dongfeng‐Tongji cohort study.

Gut Microbial Metabolism and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Suzanne R. Sharpton, Germaine J.M. Yong, Norah A. Terrault, Susan V. Lynch – 3 December 2018 – The gut microbiome, the multispecies community of microbes that exists in the gastrointestinal tract, encodes several orders of magnitude more functional genes than the human genome. It also plays a pivotal role in human health, in part due to metabolism of environmental, dietary, and host‐derived substrates, which produce bioactive metabolites.

Racial Disparities in Liver Transplantation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Are Not Explained by Differences in Comorbidities, Liver Disease Severity, or Tumor Burden

Lara Dakhoul, Samer Gawrieh, Keaton R. Jones, Marwan Ghabril, Chelsey McShane, Eric Orman, Eduardo Vilar‐Gomez, Naga Chalasani, Lauren Nephew – 3 December 2018 – Black patients have higher mortality and are less likely to receive liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) than white patients. Reasons for these disparities have not been fully elucidated.

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