Vitamin E Improves Transplant‐Free Survival and Hepatic Decompensation Among Patients With Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis and Advanced Fibrosis

Eduardo Vilar‐Gomez, Raj Vuppalanchi, Samer Gawrieh, Marwan Ghabril, Romil Saxena, Oscar W. Cummings, Naga Chalasani – 1 December 2018 – Vitamin E improves liver histology in adults with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) but not diabetes, but its impact on long‐term patient outcomes is unknown. We evaluated whether vitamin E treatment improves clinical outcomes of NASH patients with bridging fibrosis or cirrhosis.

Vessels That Encapsulate Tumor Clusters (VETC) Pattern Is a Predictor of Sorafenib Benefit in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Jian‐Hong Fang, Li Xu, Li‐Ru Shang, Chu‐Zhi Pan, Jin Ding, Yun‐Qiang Tang, Hui Liu, Chu‐Xing Liu, Jia‐Lin Zheng, Yao‐Jun Zhang, Zhong‐Guo Zhou, Jing Xu, Limin Zheng, Min‐Shan Chen, Shi‐Mei Zhuang – 1 December 2018 – Sorafenib is the most recommended first‐line systemic therapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Yet there is no clinically applied biomarker for predicting sorafenib response.

Dietary Patterns and Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Among U.S. Men and Women

Yanan Ma, Wanshui Yang, Tracey G. Simon, Stephanie A. Smith‐Warner, Teresa T. Fung, Jing Sui, Dawn Chong, Trang VoPham, Jeffrey A. Meyerhardt, Deliang Wen, Edward L. Giovannucci, Andrew T. Chan, Xuehong Zhang – 1 December 2018 – Although adherence to healthy dietary guidelines has been associated with a reduced risk of several health outcomes, including cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, and some cancers, little is known about the role of dietary patterns in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Intestinal Microbiota Mediates the Susceptibility to Polymicrobial Sepsis‐Induced Liver Injury by Granisetron Generation in Mice

Shenhai Gong, Zhengzheng Yan, Zhanguo Liu, Mengwei Niu, Heng Fang, Na Li, Chenyang Huang, Lei Li, Guiming Chen, Haihua Luo, Xiaojiao Chen, Hongwei Zhou, Jingjuan Hu, Wei Yang, Qiaobing Huang, Bernd Schnabl, Ping Chang, Timothy R. Billiar, Yong Jiang, Peng Chen – 1 December 2018 – Sepsis‐induced liver injury is recognized as a key problem in intensive care units. The gut microbiota has been touted as an important mediator of liver disease development; however, the precise roles of gut microbiota in regulating sepsis‐induced liver injury are unknown.

Cannabinoid‐1 Receptor Antagonism Improves Glycemic Control and Increases Energy Expenditure Through Sirtuin‐1/Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 2 and 5′Adenosine Monophosphate–Activated Protein Kinase Signaling

Jie Liu, Grzegorz Godlewski, Tony Jourdan, Ziyi Liu, Resat Cinar, Keming Xiong, George Kunos – 1 December 2018 – Endocannabinoids promote energy conservation in obesity, whereas cannabinoid‐1 receptor (CB1R) blockade reverses body weight gain and insulin resistance and increases energy expenditure. Here we investigated the molecular mechanisms of the catabolic effects of CB1R blockade in the liver.

Effect of Increasing Age on Brain Dysfunction in Cirrhosis

Runping Liu, Vishwadeep Ahluwalia, Jason D. Kang, Siddhartha S. Ghosh, Huiping Zhou, Yunzhou Li, Derrick Zhao, Emily Gurley, Xiaojiaoyang Li, Melanie B. White, Andrew Fagan, H. Robert Lippman, James B. Wade, Phillip B. Hylemon, Jasmohan S. Bajaj – 30 November 2018 – Patients with cirrhosis are growing older, which could have an impact on brain dysfunction beyond hepatic encephalopathy. Our aim was to study the effect of concomitant aging and cirrhosis on brain inflammation and degeneration using human and animal experiments.

Childhood Fructoholism and Fructoholic Liver Disease

Andreia Ribeiro, Maria‐Jose Igual‐Perez, Ermelinda Santos Silva, Etienne M. Sokal – 30 November 2018 – Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an emerging entity, becoming the most prevalent pediatric chronic liver disease. Its broad spectrum of histological findings, comorbidities, and complications, including cirrhosis and liver failure, can occur in childhood, emphasizing the severity of pediatric NAFLD.

Genotype 5 Hepatitis E Virus Produced by a Reverse Genetics System Has the Potential for Zoonotic Infection

Tian‐Cheng Li, Huimin Bai, Sayaka Yoshizaki, Yasushi Ami, Yuriko Suzaki, Yen Hai Doan, Kazuaki Takahashi, Shunji Mishiro, Naokazu Takeda, Takaji Wakita – 30 November 2018 – Neither an animal model nor a cell culture system has been established for the genotype 5 hepatitis E virus (G5 HEV), and the pathogenicity, epidemiology, and replication mechanism of the virus remain unclear. In this study, we used a reverse genetics system to generate G5 HEV and examined the possibility of zoonotic infection.

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