Orchestration of Tryptophan‐Kynurenine Pathway, Acute Decompensation, and Acute‐on‐Chronic Liver Failure in Cirrhosis

Joan Clària, Richard Moreau, François Fenaille, Alex Amorós, Christophe Junot, Henning Gronbaek, Minneke J. Coenraad, Alain Pruvost, Aurélie Ghettas, Emeline Chu‐Van, Cristina López‐Vicario, Karl Oettl, Paolo Caraceni, Carlo Alessandria, Jonel Trebicka, Marco Pavesi, Carme Deulofeu, Agustin Albillos, Thierry Gustot, Tania M. Welzel, Javier Fernández, Rudolf E.

Thioesterase Superfamily Member 2 Promotes Hepatic VLDL Secretion by Channeling Fatty Acids Into Triglyceride Biosynthesis

Michele Alves‐Bezerra, Yingxia Li, Mariana Acuña, Anna A. Ivanova, Kathleen E. Corey, Eric A. Ortlund, David E. Cohen – 5 December 2018 – In nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), triglycerides accumulate within the liver because the rates of fatty acid accrual by uptake from plasma and de novo synthesis exceed elimination by mitochondrial oxidation and secretion as very low‐density lipoprotein (VLDL) triglycerides. Thioesterase superfamily member 2 (Them2) is an acyl‐coenzyme A (CoA) thioesterase that catalyzes the hydrolysis of fatty acyl‐CoAs into free fatty acids plus CoASH.

Dietary Lipids Differentially Shape Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Progression and the Transcriptome of Kupffer Cells and Infiltrating Macrophages

Brett McGettigan, Rachel McMahan, David Orlicky, Matthew Burchill, Thomas Danhorn, Prashanth Francis, Lin Ling Cheng, Lucy Golden‐Mason, Claudia V. Jakubzick, Hugo R. Rosen – 5 December 2018 – A crucial component of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) pathogenesis is lipid stress, which may contribute to hepatic inflammation and activation of innate immunity in the liver. However, little is known regarding how dietary lipids, including fat and cholesterol, may facilitate innate immune activation in vivo.

Management of Sepsis in Patients With Cirrhosis: Current Evidence and Practical Approach

Douglas A. Simonetto, Laura Piccolo Serafim, Alice Gallo de Moraes, Ognjen Gajic, Patrick S. Kamath – 5 December 2018 – Sepsis in patients with cirrhosis is associated with high mortality. An impaired immune response accounts for the increased infection risk observed in these patients. Hemodynamic and systemic changes suggestive of sepsis may be observed in patients with cirrhosis in the absence of infection; therefore, diagnosis and treatment of sepsis may be delayed.

Thioesterase Superfamily Member 2 Promotes Hepatic VLDL Secretion by Channeling Fatty Acids Into Triglyceride Biosynthesis

Michele Alves‐Bezerra, Yingxia Li, Mariana Acuña, Anna A. Ivanova, Kathleen E. Corey, Eric A. Ortlund, David E. Cohen – 5 December 2018 – In nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), triglycerides accumulate within the liver because the rates of fatty acid accrual by uptake from plasma and de novo synthesis exceed elimination by mitochondrial oxidation and secretion as very low‐density lipoprotein (VLDL) triglycerides. Thioesterase superfamily member 2 (Them2) is an acyl‐coenzyme A (CoA) thioesterase that catalyzes the hydrolysis of fatty acyl‐CoAs into free fatty acids plus CoASH.

Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4 Alpha Activation Is Essential for Termination of Liver Regeneration in Mice

Ian Huck, Sumedha Gunewardena, Regina Espanol‐Suner, Holger Willenbring, Udayan Apte – 5 December 2018 – Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha (HNF4α) is critical for hepatic differentiation. Recent studies have highlighted its role in inhibition of hepatocyte proliferation and tumor suppression. However, the role of HNF4α in liver regeneration (LR) is not known. We hypothesized that hepatocytes modulate HNF4α activity when navigating between differentiated and proliferative states during LR.

Dietary Lipids Differentially Shape Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Progression and the Transcriptome of Kupffer Cells and Infiltrating Macrophages

Brett McGettigan, Rachel McMahan, David Orlicky, Matthew Burchill, Thomas Danhorn, Prashanth Francis, Lin Ling Cheng, Lucy Golden‐Mason, Claudia V. Jakubzick, Hugo R. Rosen – 5 December 2018 – A crucial component of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) pathogenesis is lipid stress, which may contribute to hepatic inflammation and activation of innate immunity in the liver. However, little is known regarding how dietary lipids, including fat and cholesterol, may facilitate innate immune activation in vivo.

Stereotactic Radiofrequency Ablation of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: a Histopathological Study in Explanted Livers

Reto Bale, Peter Schullian, Gernot Eberle, Daniel Putzer, Heinz Zoller, Stefan Schneeberger, Claudia Manzl, Patrizia Moser, Georg Oberhuber – 5 December 2018 – This retrospective study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of three‐dimensional (3D)‐navigated multiprobe radiofrequency ablation (RFA) with intraprocedural image fusion for treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by histopathological examination. From 2009 to 2018, 97 patients (84 men, 13 women; median age, 60 years; range, 1‐71) were transplanted after bridging therapy of 195 HCCs by stereotactic RFA (SRFA).

Stereotactic Radiofrequency Ablation of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: a Histopathological Study in Explanted Livers

Reto Bale, Peter Schullian, Gernot Eberle, Daniel Putzer, Heinz Zoller, Stefan Schneeberger, Claudia Manzl, Patrizia Moser, Georg Oberhuber – 5 December 2018 – This retrospective study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of three‐dimensional (3D)‐navigated multiprobe radiofrequency ablation (RFA) with intraprocedural image fusion for treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by histopathological examination. From 2009 to 2018, 97 patients (84 men, 13 women; median age, 60 years; range, 1‐71) were transplanted after bridging therapy of 195 HCCs by stereotactic RFA (SRFA).

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