Bile‐Derived Organoids From Patients With Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis Recapitulate Their Inflammatory Immune Profile

Carol J. Soroka, David N. Assis, Leina S. Alrabadi, Scott Roberts, Laura Cusack, Ariel B. Jaffe, James L. Boyer – 18 December 2018 – Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a heterogeneous and progressive fibroinflammatory cholangiopathy with no known etiology or effective treatment. Studies of PSC are limited due to difficulty in accessing the cholangiocyte, the small percentage of these cells in the liver, instability of in vitro culture systems, and reliance on samples from end‐stage disease.

5‐Hydroxytryptamine Receptor 1D Aggravates Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression Through FoxO6 in AKT‐Dependent and Independent Manners

Xueliang Zuo, Zhiqiang Chen, Juan Cai, Wen Gao, Yao Zhang, Guoyong Han, Liyong Pu, Zhengshan Wu, Wei You, Jianjie Qin, Xinzheng Dai, Hongbing Shen, Jindao Wu, Xuehao Wang – 18 December 2018 – Serotonin and its receptors have been shown to play critical regulatory roles in cancer biology. Nevertheless, the contributions of 5‐hydroxytryptamine 1D (5‐HT1D), an indispensable member of the serotonergic system, to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain unknown. The present study demonstrated that the 5‐HT1D expression level was significantly up‐regulated in HCC tissues and cell lines.

Aging‐Related Expression of Twinfilin‐1 Regulates Cholangiocyte Biological Response to Injury

Luca Maroni, Claudio Pinto, Debora Maria Giordano, Stefania Saccomanno, Jesus M. Banales, Daniele Spallacci, Maria Cristina Albertini, Fiorenza Orlando, Mauro Provinciali, Malgorzata Milkiewicz, Espen Melum, Ibone Labiano, Piotr Milkiewicz, Chiara Rychlicki, Luciano Trozzi, Marina Scarpelli, Antonio Benedetti, Gianluca Svegliati Baroni, Marco Marzioni – 18 December 2018 – Disorders of the biliary tree develop and progress differently according to patient age. It is currently not known whether the aging process affects the response to injury of cholangiocytes.

Gene Silencing With siRNA (RNA Interference): A New Therapeutic Option During Ex Vivo Machine Liver Perfusion Preservation

Max F. Thijssen, Isabel M. A. Brüggenwirth, Andrew Gillooly, Anastasia Khvorova, Timothy F. Kowalik, Paulo N. Martins – 18 December 2018 – RNA interference (RNAi) is a natural process of posttranscriptional gene regulation that has raised a lot of attention culminating with the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 2006. RNAi‐based therapeutics have been tested in experimental transplantation to reduce ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) with success.

Tuning T‐Cell Receptor Affinity to Optimize Clinical Risk‐Benefit When Targeting Alpha‐Fetoprotein–Positive Liver Cancer

Roslin Y. Docta, Tiago Ferronha, Joseph P. Sanderson, Thomas Weissensteiner, George R. Pope, Alan D. Bennett, Nicholas J. Pumphrey, Zoltan Ferjentsik, Laura L. Quinn, Guy E. Wiedermann, Victoria E. Anderson, Manoj Saini, Miguel Maroto, Elliot Norry, Andrew B. Gerry – 18 December 2018 – Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have a poor prognosis and limited therapeutic options. Alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP) is often expressed at high levels in HCC and is an established clinical biomarker of the disease.

Induction of Oxidative Stress Through Inhibition of Thioredoxin Reductase 1 Is an Effective Therapeutic Approach for Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Derek Lee, Iris Ming‐Jing Xu, David Kung‐Chun Chiu, Josef Leibold, Aki Pui‐Wah Tse, Macus Hao‐Ran Bao, Vincent Wai‐Hin Yuen, Cerise Yuen‐Ki Chan, Robin Kit‐Ho Lai, Don Wai‐Ching Chin, Daniel For‐Fan Chan, Tan‐To Cheung, Siu‐Ho Chok, Chun‐Ming Wong, Scott W. Lowe, Irene Oi‐Lin Ng, Carmen Chak‐Lui Wong – 18 December 2018 – Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most prevalent and lethal cancers worldwide which lacks effective treatment. Cancer cells experience high levels of oxidative stress due to increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS).

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