p53 Up‐regulated Modulator of Apoptosis Induction Mediates Acetaminophen‐Induced Necrosis and Liver Injury in Mice

Dongshi Chen, Hong‐Min Ni, Lei Wang, Xiaowen Ma, Jian Yu, Wen‐Xing Ding, Lin Zhang – 14 December 2018 – Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose is one of the leading causes of hepatotoxicity and acute liver failure in the United States. Accumulating evidence suggests that hepatocyte necrosis plays a critical role in APAP‐induced liver injury (AILI). However, the mechanisms of APAP‐induced necrosis and liver injury are not fully understood.

Pharmacological Induction of a Progenitor State for the Efficient Expansion of Primary Human Hepatocytes

Carmen Unzu, Evarist Planet, Nathalie Brandenberg, Floriane Fusil, Marco Cassano, Jimena Perez‐Vargas, Marc Friedli, François‐Loïc Cosset, Matthias P. Lutolf, Barbara E. Wildhaber, Didier Trono – 14 December 2018 – The liver is an organ with strong regenerative capacity, yet primary hepatocytes have a low amplification potential in vitro, a major limitation for the cell‐based therapy of liver disorders and for ex vivo biological screens.

Porphyromonas gingivalis as a Possible Risk Factor in the Development/Severity of Acute Alcoholic Hepatitis

Yun Zhou, Vatsalya Vatsalya, Leila Gobejishvili, Richard J. Lamont, Craig J. McClain, Wenke Feng – 14 December 2018 – Bacterial infection is frequently observed in patients with alcoholic liver disease (ALD). We examined a possible role of Porphyromonas gingivalis in the development/progression and severity of disease in patients with acute alcoholic hepatitis (AAH). Plasma specimens from 47 patients with AAH (16 moderate, Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease [MELD] score <20]; 31 severe, MELD score >20) and 22 healthy controls (HCs) were collected.

Improvements in Histologic Features and Diagnosis Associated With Improvement in Fibrosis in Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis: Results From the Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Clinical Research Network Treatment Trials

Elizabeth M. Brunt, David E. Kleiner, Laura A. Wilson, Arun J. Sanyal, Brent A. Neuschwander‐Tetri, for the Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Clinical Research Network – 14 December 2018 – Hepatocellular injury and inflammation are believed to be the primary drivers of fibrogenesis that ultimately lead to cirrhosis in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).

Combatting Fibrosis: Exosome‐Based Therapies in the Regression of Liver Fibrosis

Li Chen, David A. Brenner, Tatiana Kisseleva – 13 December 2018 – Hepatic fibrosis results from chronic injury and inflammation in the liver and leads to cirrhosis, liver failure, and portal hypertension. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying hepatic fibrosis has advanced the prospect of developing therapies for regression of the disease.

Alpha‐Fetoprotein Decrease from > 1,000 to < 500 ng/mL in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma Leads to Improved Posttransplant Outcomes

Neil Mehta, Jennifer L. Dodge, John P. Roberts, Ryutaro Hirose, Francis Y. Yao – 13 December 2018 – High alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP) > 1,000 ng/mL is associated with poor outcomes after liver transplantation (LT) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A new national policy has been implemented for AFP > 1,000 ng/mL requiring a decrease to < 500 ng/mL before LT, but there is a paucity of data on the optimal AFP threshold before LT.

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