Recurrent primary sclerosing cholangitis in the Adult‐to‐Adult Living Donor Liver Transplantation Cohort Study: Comparison of risk factors between living and deceased donor recipients

Fredric D. Gordon, David S. Goldberg, Nathan P. Goodrich, Anna S. F. Lok, Elizabeth C. Verna, Nazia Selzner, R. Todd Stravitz, Robert M. Merion – 24 June 2016 – Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) recurs in 15%‐25% of patients transplanted for PSC. In the United States, PSC transplant patients are more likely to receive an organ from a living donor (LD) than patients without PSC. Our aims were to (1) compare risk of PSC recurrence in LD versus deceased donor recipients and (2) identify risk factors for PSC recurrence.

Histological severity and clinical outcomes of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in nonobese patients

Jonathan Chung‐Fai Leung, Thomson Chi‐Wang Loong, Jeremy Lok Wei, Grace Lai‐Hung Wong, Anthony Wing‐Hung Chan, Paul Cheung‐Lung Choi, Sally She‐Ting Shu, Angel Mei‐Ling Chim, Henry Lik‐Yuen Chan, Vincent Wai‐Sun Wong – 23 June 2016 – Although nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is closely linked to obesity, around 10%‐20% of nonobese Americans and Asians still develop NAFLD. Data on this special group are limited. We therefore studied the severity and clinical outcomes of nonobese NAFLD patients. Consecutive NAFLD patients who underwent liver biopsy were prospectively recruited.

RNA helicase DEAD box protein 5 regulates Polycomb repressive complex 2/Hox transcript antisense intergenic RNA function in hepatitis B virus infection and hepatocarcinogenesis

Hao Zhang, Zheng Xing, Saravana Kumar Kailasam Mani, Brigitte Bancel, David Durantel, Fabien Zoulim, Elizabeth J. Tran, Philippe Merle, Ourania Andrisani – 23 June 2016 – Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major factor in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) pathogenesis by a mechanism not yet understood. Elucidating mechanisms of HBV‐mediated hepatocarcinogenesis is needed to gain insights into classification and treatment of HCC.

Vemurafenib‐induced granulomatous hepatitis

Erin K. Spengler, David E. Kleiner, Robert J. Fontana – 23 June 2016 – Vemurafenib (Zelboraf; Genentech, CA) is a highly effective oral chemotherapy agent for patients with metastatic melanoma who carry the BRAF V600E mutation. Side effects of this protein kinase inhibitor (PKI) include arthralgia, rash, and fatigue, which are reported in up to one third of treated patients. Mild abnormalities in liver biochemistries were reported with vemurafenib use in 30% of subjects, 11% developed severe laboratory abnormalities, and acute liver failure has been reported (Table ).

Gut microbiota drive the development of neuroinflammatory response in cirrhosis in mice

Dae Joong Kang, Naga S. Betrapally, Siddhartha A. Ghosh, R. Balfour Sartor, Phillip B. Hylemon, Patrick M. Gillevet, Arun J. Sanyal, Douglas M. Heuman, Daniel Carl, Huiping Zhou, Runping Liu, Xiang Wang, Jing Yang, Chunhua Jiao, Jeremy Herzog, H. Robert Lippman, Masoumeh Sikaroodi, Robert R. Brown, Jasmohan S. Bajaj – 23 June 2016 – The mechanisms behind the development of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) are unclear, although hyperammonemia and systemic inflammation through gut dysbiosis have been proposed.

Vemurafenib‐induced granulomatous hepatitis

Erin K. Spengler, David E. Kleiner, Robert J. Fontana – 23 June 2016 – Vemurafenib (Zelboraf; Genentech, CA) is a highly effective oral chemotherapy agent for patients with metastatic melanoma who carry the BRAF V600E mutation. Side effects of this protein kinase inhibitor (PKI) include arthralgia, rash, and fatigue, which are reported in up to one third of treated patients. Mild abnormalities in liver biochemistries were reported with vemurafenib use in 30% of subjects, 11% developed severe laboratory abnormalities, and acute liver failure has been reported (Table ).

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