Massive rearrangements of cellular MicroRNA signatures are key drivers of hepatocyte dedifferentiation

Volker M. Lauschke, Sabine U. Vorrink, Sabrina M.L. Moro, Fatemah Rezayee, Åsa Nordling, Delilah F.G. Hendriks, Catherine C. Bell, Rowena Sison‐Young, B. Kevin Park, Christopher E. Goldring, Ewa Ellis, Inger Johansson, Souren Mkrtchian, Tommy B. Andersson, Magnus Ingelman‐Sundberg – 17 August 2016 – Hepatocytes are dynamic cells that, upon injury, can alternate between nondividing differentiated and dedifferentiated proliferating states in vivo.

Large tumor suppressor homologs 1 and 2 regulate mouse liver progenitor cell proliferation and maturation through antagonism of the coactivators YAP and TAZ

Jing Yi, Li Lu, Kilangsungla Yanger, Wenqi Wang, Bo Hwa Sohn, Ben Z. Stanger, Min Zhang, James F. Martin, Jaffer A. Ajani, Junjie Chen, Ju‐Seog Lee, Shumei Song, Randy L.

Angiopoietin‐like protein 1 antagonizes MET receptor activity to repress sorafenib resistance and cancer stemness in hepatocellular carcinoma

Hsin‐An Chen, Tsang‐Chih Kuo, Chi‐Feng Tseng, Jui‐Ti Ma, Shu‐Ting Yang, Chia‐Jui Yen, Ching‐Yao Yang, Shian‐Ying Sung, Jen‐Liang Su – 17 August 2016 – Angiopoietin‐like protein 1 (ANGPTL1) has been shown to act as a tumor suppressor by inhibiting angiogenesis, cancer invasion, and metastasis. However, little is known about the effects of ANGPTL1 on sorafenib resistance and cancer stem cell properties in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the mechanism underlying these effects.

Patient‐reported barriers are associated with lower hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance rates in patients with cirrhosis

Sherean Farvardin, Jaimin Patel, Maleka Khambaty, Olutola A. Yerokun, Huram Mok, Jasmin A. Tiro, Adam C. Yopp, Neehar D. Parikh, Jorge A. Marrero, Amit G. Singal – 17 August 2016 – Over 20% of patients with cirrhosis are nonadherent with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) surveillance recommendations; however, few studies have evaluated the impact of patient‐level factors on surveillance receipt.

Novel plasma biomarkers associated with liver disease severity in adults with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Veeral Ajmera, Emily R. Perito, Nathan M. Bass, Norah A. Terrault, Katherine P. Yates, Ryan Gill, Rohit Loomba, Anna Mae Diehl, Bradley E. Aouizerat, for the NASH Clinical Research Network – 17 August 2016 – Despite the high prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), therapeutic options and noninvasive markers of disease activity and severity remain limited. We investigated the association between plasma biomarkers and liver histology in order to identify markers of disease activity and severity in patients with biopsy‐proven NAFLD.

MYO5B mutations cause cholestasis with normal serum gamma‐glutamyl transferase activity in children without microvillous inclusion disease

Emmanuel Gonzales, Sarah A. Taylor, Anne Davit‐Spraul, Alice Thébaut, Nadège Thomassin, Catherine Guettier, Peter F. Whitington, Emmanuel Jacquemin – 17 August 2016 – Some patients with microvillus inclusion disease due to myosin 5B (MYO5B) mutations may develop cholestasis characterized by a progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis‐like phenotype with normal serum gamma‐glutamyl transferase activity. So far MYO5B deficiency has not been reported in patients with such a cholestasis phenotype in the absence of intestinal disease.

Exposure to human immunodeficiency virus/hepatitis C virus in hepatic and stellate cell lines reveals cooperative profibrotic transcriptional activation between viruses and cell types

Shadi Salloum, Jacinta A. Holmes, Rohit Jindal, Shyam S. Bale, Cynthia Brisac, Nadia Alatrakchi, Anna Lidofsky, Annie J. Kruger, Dahlene N. Fusco, Jay Luther, Esperance A. Schaefer, Wenyu Lin, Martin L. Yarmush, Raymond T. Chung – 17 August 2016 – Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection accelerates progressive liver fibrosis; however, the mechanisms remain poorly understood.

Broad neutralization of hepatitis C virus‐resistant variants by Civacir hepatitis C immunoglobulin

Rajiv G. Tawar, Laura Heydmann, Charlotte Bach, Jörg Schüttrumpf, Shailesh Chavan, Barnabas J. King, C. Patrick McClure, Jonathan K. Ball, Patrick Pessaux, François Habersetzer, Ralf Bartenschlager, Mirjam B. Zeisel, Thomas F. Baumert – 17 August 2016 – Hepatitis C virus (HCV)‐induced end‐stage liver disease is the major indication for liver transplantation (LT). However, reinfection of the liver graft is still common, especially in patients with detectable viral load at the time of LT.

An ectopically expressed serum miRNA signature is prognostic, diagnostic, and biologically related to liver allograft rejection

Abraham Shaked, Bao‐Li Chang, Michael R. Barnes, Peter Sayre, Yun R. Li, Smita Asare, Michele DesMarais, Michael V. Holmes, Toumy Guettouche, Brendan J. Keating – 17 August 2016 – The ability to noninvasively diagnose acute cellular rejection (ACR) with high specificity and sensitivity would significantly advance personalized liver transplant recipient care and management of immunosuppression.

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