N‐myc downstream‐regulated gene 2 inhibits human cholangiocarcinoma progression and is regulated by leukemia inhibitory factor/MicroRNA‐181c negative feedback pathway

Jiabei Wang, Changming Xie, Shangha Pan, Yingjian Liang, Jihua Han, Yaliang Lan, Jing Sun, Keyu Li, Boshi Sun, Guangchao Yang, Huawen Shi, Yuejin Li, Ruipeng Song, Xirui Liu, Mingxi Zhu, Dalong Yin, Huanlai Wang, Xuan Song, Zhaoyang Lu, Hongchi Jiang, Tongsen Zheng, Lianxin Liu – 17 August 2016 – Increasing evidence supports a role for N‐myc downstream‐regulated gene 2 (NDRG2) deregulation in tumorigenesis. We investigated the roles and mechanisms of NDRG2 in human cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) progression.

First international external quality assessment for hepatitis delta virus RNA quantification in plasma

Frédéric Le Gal, Ségolène Brichler, Roland Sahli, Sylvie Chevret, Emmanuel Gordien – 17 August 2016 – Infection by the hepatitis delta virus (HDV), a satellite of the hepatitis B virus (HBV), increases viral liver disease severity. Its diagnosis is thus vital for HBV‐infected patients. HDV‐RNA load (HDVL) should be assessed and monitored in plasma using real‐time reverse‐transcriptase polymerase chain reaction assays.

Identifying barriers to hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance in a national sample of patients with cirrhosis

David S. Goldberg, Tamar H. Taddei, Marina Serper, Rajni Mehta, Eric Dieperink, Ayse Aytaman, Michelle Baytarian, Rena Fox, Kristel Hunt, Marcos Pedrosa, Christine Pocha, Adriana Valderrama, David E Kaplan – 17 August 2016 – Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in cirrhosis patients. This provides an opportunity to target the highest‐risk population, yet surveillance rates in the United States and Europe range from 10% to 40%.

An ectopically expressed serum miRNA signature is prognostic, diagnostic, and biologically related to liver allograft rejection

Abraham Shaked, Bao‐Li Chang, Michael R. Barnes, Peter Sayre, Yun R. Li, Smita Asare, Michele DesMarais, Michael V. Holmes, Toumy Guettouche, Brendan J. Keating – 17 August 2016 – The ability to noninvasively diagnose acute cellular rejection (ACR) with high specificity and sensitivity would significantly advance personalized liver transplant recipient care and management of immunosuppression.

Broad neutralization of hepatitis C virus‐resistant variants by Civacir hepatitis C immunoglobulin

Rajiv G. Tawar, Laura Heydmann, Charlotte Bach, Jörg Schüttrumpf, Shailesh Chavan, Barnabas J. King, C. Patrick McClure, Jonathan K. Ball, Patrick Pessaux, François Habersetzer, Ralf Bartenschlager, Mirjam B. Zeisel, Thomas F. Baumert – 17 August 2016 – Hepatitis C virus (HCV)‐induced end‐stage liver disease is the major indication for liver transplantation (LT). However, reinfection of the liver graft is still common, especially in patients with detectable viral load at the time of LT.

Exposure to human immunodeficiency virus/hepatitis C virus in hepatic and stellate cell lines reveals cooperative profibrotic transcriptional activation between viruses and cell types

Shadi Salloum, Jacinta A. Holmes, Rohit Jindal, Shyam S. Bale, Cynthia Brisac, Nadia Alatrakchi, Anna Lidofsky, Annie J. Kruger, Dahlene N. Fusco, Jay Luther, Esperance A. Schaefer, Wenyu Lin, Martin L. Yarmush, Raymond T. Chung – 17 August 2016 – Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection accelerates progressive liver fibrosis; however, the mechanisms remain poorly understood.

MYO5B mutations cause cholestasis with normal serum gamma‐glutamyl transferase activity in children without microvillous inclusion disease

Emmanuel Gonzales, Sarah A. Taylor, Anne Davit‐Spraul, Alice Thébaut, Nadège Thomassin, Catherine Guettier, Peter F. Whitington, Emmanuel Jacquemin – 17 August 2016 – Some patients with microvillus inclusion disease due to myosin 5B (MYO5B) mutations may develop cholestasis characterized by a progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis‐like phenotype with normal serum gamma‐glutamyl transferase activity. So far MYO5B deficiency has not been reported in patients with such a cholestasis phenotype in the absence of intestinal disease.

Novel plasma biomarkers associated with liver disease severity in adults with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Veeral Ajmera, Emily R. Perito, Nathan M. Bass, Norah A. Terrault, Katherine P. Yates, Ryan Gill, Rohit Loomba, Anna Mae Diehl, Bradley E. Aouizerat, for the NASH Clinical Research Network – 17 August 2016 – Despite the high prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), therapeutic options and noninvasive markers of disease activity and severity remain limited. We investigated the association between plasma biomarkers and liver histology in order to identify markers of disease activity and severity in patients with biopsy‐proven NAFLD.

Patient‐reported barriers are associated with lower hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance rates in patients with cirrhosis

Sherean Farvardin, Jaimin Patel, Maleka Khambaty, Olutola A. Yerokun, Huram Mok, Jasmin A. Tiro, Adam C. Yopp, Neehar D. Parikh, Jorge A. Marrero, Amit G. Singal – 17 August 2016 – Over 20% of patients with cirrhosis are nonadherent with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) surveillance recommendations; however, few studies have evaluated the impact of patient‐level factors on surveillance receipt.

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