Sirtuin 2 aggravates postischemic liver injury by deacetylating mitogen‐activated protein kinase phosphatase‐1

Jie Wang, Hyoung‐Won Koh, Lu Zhou, Ui‐Jin Bae, Hwa‐Suk Lee, In Hyuk Bang, Sun‐O Ka, Seon‐Hee Oh, Eun Ju Bae, Byung‐Hyun Park – 17 August 2016 – Sirtuin 2 (Sirt2) is known to negatively regulate anoxia‐reoxygenation injury in myoblasts. Because protein levels of Sirt2 are increased in ischemia‐reperfusion (I/R)‐injured liver tissues, we examined whether Sirt2 is protective or detrimental against hepatic I/R injury. We overexpressed Sirt2 in the liver of C57BL/6 mice using a Sirt2 adenovirus.

Wnt signaling regulates hepatobiliary repair following cholestatic liver injury in mice

Hirohisa Okabe, Jing Yang, Kyle Sylakowski, Mladen Yovchev, Yoshitaka Miyagawa, Shanmugam Nagarajan, Maria Chikina, Michael Thompson, Michael Oertel, Hideo Baba, Satdarshan P Monga, Kari Nichole Nejak‐Bowen – 17 August 2016 – Hepatic repair is directed chiefly by the proliferation of resident mature epithelial cells. Furthermore, if predominant injury is to cholangiocytes, the hepatocytes can transdifferentiate to cholangiocytes to assist in the repair and vice versa, as shown by various fate‐tracing studies. However, the molecular bases of reprogramming remain elusive.

Hepatitis C virus transmission among human immunodeficiency virus‐infected men who have sex with men: Modeling the effect of behavioral and treatment interventions

Luisa Salazar‐Vizcaya, Roger D. Kouyos, Cindy Zahnd, Gilles Wandeler, Manuel Battegay, Katharine Elizabeth Anna Darling, Enos Bernasconi, Alexandra Calmy, Pietro Vernazza, Hansjakob Furrer, Matthias Egger, Olivia Keiser, Andri Rauch, the Swiss HIV Cohort Study – 17 August 2016 – The incidence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐infected men who have sex with men has increased in recent years and is associated with high‐risk sexual behavior.

Evaluation of proton pump inhibitor use on treatment outcomes with ledipasvir and sofosbuvir in a real‐world cohort study

Elliot B. Tapper, Bruce R. Bacon, Michael P. Curry, Douglas T. Dieterich, Steven L. Flamm, Lauren E. Guest, Kris V. Kowdley, Yoori Lee, Naoky C. Tsai, Zobair M. Younossi, Nezam H. Afdhal – 17 August 2016 – Many patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) are on prolonged proton‐pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy and wish to remain on PPI therapy once treatment for HCV starts. A preliminary report recently suggested decrease rates of sustained virological response (SVR) for patients taking concomitant PPI and ledipasvir/sofosbuvir (LDV/SOF).

Patient‐reported barriers are associated with lower hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance rates in patients with cirrhosis

Sherean Farvardin, Jaimin Patel, Maleka Khambaty, Olutola A. Yerokun, Huram Mok, Jasmin A. Tiro, Adam C. Yopp, Neehar D. Parikh, Jorge A. Marrero, Amit G. Singal – 17 August 2016 – Over 20% of patients with cirrhosis are nonadherent with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) surveillance recommendations; however, few studies have evaluated the impact of patient‐level factors on surveillance receipt.

N‐myc downstream‐regulated gene 2 inhibits human cholangiocarcinoma progression and is regulated by leukemia inhibitory factor/MicroRNA‐181c negative feedback pathway

Jiabei Wang, Changming Xie, Shangha Pan, Yingjian Liang, Jihua Han, Yaliang Lan, Jing Sun, Keyu Li, Boshi Sun, Guangchao Yang, Huawen Shi, Yuejin Li, Ruipeng Song, Xirui Liu, Mingxi Zhu, Dalong Yin, Huanlai Wang, Xuan Song, Zhaoyang Lu, Hongchi Jiang, Tongsen Zheng, Lianxin Liu – 17 August 2016 – Increasing evidence supports a role for N‐myc downstream‐regulated gene 2 (NDRG2) deregulation in tumorigenesis. We investigated the roles and mechanisms of NDRG2 in human cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) progression.

First international external quality assessment for hepatitis delta virus RNA quantification in plasma

Frédéric Le Gal, Ségolène Brichler, Roland Sahli, Sylvie Chevret, Emmanuel Gordien – 17 August 2016 – Infection by the hepatitis delta virus (HDV), a satellite of the hepatitis B virus (HBV), increases viral liver disease severity. Its diagnosis is thus vital for HBV‐infected patients. HDV‐RNA load (HDVL) should be assessed and monitored in plasma using real‐time reverse‐transcriptase polymerase chain reaction assays.

Identifying barriers to hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance in a national sample of patients with cirrhosis

David S. Goldberg, Tamar H. Taddei, Marina Serper, Rajni Mehta, Eric Dieperink, Ayse Aytaman, Michelle Baytarian, Rena Fox, Kristel Hunt, Marcos Pedrosa, Christine Pocha, Adriana Valderrama, David E Kaplan – 17 August 2016 – Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in cirrhosis patients. This provides an opportunity to target the highest‐risk population, yet surveillance rates in the United States and Europe range from 10% to 40%.

An ectopically expressed serum miRNA signature is prognostic, diagnostic, and biologically related to liver allograft rejection

Abraham Shaked, Bao‐Li Chang, Michael R. Barnes, Peter Sayre, Yun R. Li, Smita Asare, Michele DesMarais, Michael V. Holmes, Toumy Guettouche, Brendan J. Keating – 17 August 2016 – The ability to noninvasively diagnose acute cellular rejection (ACR) with high specificity and sensitivity would significantly advance personalized liver transplant recipient care and management of immunosuppression.

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