Indoleamine‐2,3‐dioxygenase as an effector and an indicator of protective immune responses in patients with acute hepatitis B

Sachiyo Yoshio, Masaya Sugiyama, Hirotaka Shoji, Yohei Mano, Eiji Mita, Toru Okamoto, Yoshiharu Matsuura, Alato Okuno, Osamu Takikawa, Masashi Mizokami, Tatsuya Kanto – 12 October 2015 – Indoleamine‐2, 3‐dioxygenase (IDO), an interferon‐γ‐inducible enzyme catalyzing tryptophan into kynurenine, exerts dual functions in infectious diseases, acting as a suppressor of intracellular pathogens and as an immune regulator. We explored the roles of IDO in hepatitis B virus (HBV) clearance from infected patients.

Hepatocellular carcinoma in patients listed for liver transplantation: Current and future allocation policy and management strategies for the individual patient

Joel P. Wedd, Eric Nordstrom, Trevor Nydam, Janette Durham, Michael Zimmerman, Thor Johnson, W. Thomas Purcell, Scott W. Biggins – 12 October 2015 – Liver transplantation can provide definitive cure for patients with cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) when used appropriately. Advances in the management of HCC have allowed improved control of HCC while waiting for liver transplantation and new approaches to candidate selection particularly with regard to tumor burden and downstaging protocols.

Integrin αvβ6 critically regulates hepatic progenitor cell function and promotes ductular reaction, fibrosis, and tumorigenesis

Zhen‐Wei Peng, Naoki Ikenaga, Susan B. Liu, Deanna Y. Sverdlov, Kahini A. Vaid, Richa Dixit, Paul H. Weinreb, Shelia Violette, Dean Sheppard, Detlef Schuppan, Yury Popov – 8 October 2015 – Integrin αvβ6 is rapidly up‐regulated on cells of epithelial lineage during tissue injury, where one of its primary functions is activation of latent transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1). In human liver cirrhosis, αvβ6 is overexpressed by cells comprising the ductular reaction, and its inhibition suppresses experimental biliary fibrosis in rodents.

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