Henning W. Zimmermann, Tony Bruns, Chris J. Weston, Stuart M. Curbishley, Evaggelia Liaskou, Ka‐Kit Li, Yazid J. Resheq, Paul W. Badenhorst, David H. Adams – 16 October 2015 – Monocytes are versatile cells that can fulfill proinflammatory and anti‐inflammatory functions when recruited to the liver. Recruited monocytes differentiate into tissue macrophages and dendritic cells, which sample antigens and migrate to lymph nodes to elicit T‐cell responses.

Chiara Rosso, Lavinia Mezzabotta, Melania Gaggini, Federico Salomone, Roberto Gambino, Andrea Marengo, Francesca Saba, Ester Vanni, Ramy Younes, Chiara Saponaro, Emma Buzzigoli, Gian Paolo Caviglia, Maria Lorena Abate, Antonina Smedile, Mario Rizzetto, Maurizio Cassader, Amalia Gastaldelli, Elisabetta Bugianesi – 16 October 2015 – Surrogate indexes of insulin resistance and insulin sensitivity are widely used in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), although they have never been validated in this population.

Hyunjoo Kwon, Kyoungsub Song, Chang Han, Weina Chen, Ying Wang, Srikanta Dash, Kyu Lim, Tong Wu – 16 October 2015 – Hedgehog (Hh) signaling plays a critical role in liver development, regeneration, injury repair, and carcinogenesis. Activation of Hh signaling has been observed in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD); however, the pathobiological function and regulatory mechanism of hepatic Hh signaling in the pathogenesis of NAFLD remain to be further defined.

Montse Pauta, Noemi Rotllan, Ana Fernández‐Hernando, Cedric Langhi, Jordi Ribera, Mingjian Lu, Loreto Boix, Jordi Bruix, Wladimiro Jimenez, Yajaira Suárez, David A. Ford, Angel Baldán, Morris J. Birnbaum, Manuel Morales‐Ruiz, Carlos Fernández‐Hernando – 16 October 2015 – Understanding the hepatic regenerative process has clinical interest as the effectiveness of many treatments for chronic liver diseases is conditioned by efficient liver regeneration.

Jean Publicover, Jillian M. Jespersen, Audra J. Johnson, Stephen L. Nishimura, Amanda Goodsell, Adil E. Wakil, Philip Rosenthal, Eric Pai, Lia Avanesyan, Stewart Cooper, Jody L. Baron – 12 October 2015

Joel P. Wedd, Eric Nordstrom, Trevor Nydam, Janette Durham, Michael Zimmerman, Thor Johnson, W. Thomas Purcell, Scott W. Biggins – 12 October 2015 – Liver transplantation can provide definitive cure for patients with cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) when used appropriately. Advances in the management of HCC have allowed improved control of HCC while waiting for liver transplantation and new approaches to candidate selection particularly with regard to tumor burden and downstaging protocols.

Jean Publicover, Jillian M. Jespersen, Audra J. Johnson, Stephen L. Nishimura, Amanda Goodsell, Adil E. Wakil, Philip Rosenthal, Eric Pai, Lia Avanesyan, Stewart Cooper, Jody L. Baron – 12 October 2015

Sachiyo Yoshio, Masaya Sugiyama, Hirotaka Shoji, Yohei Mano, Eiji Mita, Toru Okamoto, Yoshiharu Matsuura, Alato Okuno, Osamu Takikawa, Masashi Mizokami, Tatsuya Kanto – 12 October 2015 – Indoleamine‐2, 3‐dioxygenase (IDO), an interferon‐γ‐inducible enzyme catalyzing tryptophan into kynurenine, exerts dual functions in infectious diseases, acting as a suppressor of intracellular pathogens and as an immune regulator. We explored the roles of IDO in hepatitis B virus (HBV) clearance from infected patients.

Martina Goffredo, Sonia Caprio, Ariel E. Feldstein, Ebe D'Adamo, Melissa M. Shaw, Bridget Pierpont, Mary Savoye, Hongyu Zhao, Allen E. Bale, Nicola Santoro – 12 October 2015 – We assessed the association between the single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs58542926 in the transmembrane 6 superfamily member 2 (TM6SF2) gene and fatty liver disease in obese youth. We genotyped the TM6SF2 rs58542926 SNP in a multiethnic cohort of 957 obese children and adolescents (42% Caucasians, 28% African Americans, 30% Hispanics).

Se‐Hyuk Kim, Yoon Jeon, Hyun‐Soo Kim, Jin‐Kwan Lee, Han Jeong Lim, Donglim Kang, Hyeseong Cho, Cheol‐Keun Park, Ho Lee, Chang‐Woo Lee – 12 October 2015 – Hepatocyte chromosome polyploidization is an important feature of liver development and seems to be required for response to liver stress and injury signals. However, the question of how polyploidization can be tightly regulated in liver growth remains to be answered. Using a conditional knockout mouse model, liver‐specific depletion of Ssu72 protein phosphatase was found to result in impairment in regulation of polyploidization.