Modulation of the biliary expression of arylalkylamine N‐acetyltransferase alters the autocrine proliferative responses of cholangiocytes in rats

Anastasia Renzi, Sharon DeMorrow, Paolo Onori, Guido Carpino, Romina Mancinelli, Fanyin Meng, Julie Venter, Mellanie White, Antonio Franchitto, Heather Francis, Yuyan Han, Yoshiyuki Ueno, Giuseppina Dusio, Kendal J. Jensen, John J.

Causes of death in patients with hepatitis B: A natural history cohort study in the United States

Jean‐Luc Szpakowski, Lue‐Yen Tucker – 18 October 2012 – The natural history of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in a U.S. population has not been well described. We identified the causes of death in 6,689 health plan members infected with HBV who were followed between March 1, 1996 and December 31, 2005. Causes of death were grouped into HBV‐related (subdivided into decompensated cirrhosis [DCC] and hepatocellular carcinoma [HCC]), cancer, cardiovascular, and other/unknown.

MicroRNAs: New tools for diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma?

Silvia Giordano, Amedeo Columbano – 18 October 2012 – MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are evolutionarily conserved small noncoding RNAs involved in the regulation of gene expression and protein translation. Many studies have shown that they play a crucial role in driving organ and tissue differentiation during embryogenesis and in the fine‐tuning of fundamental biological processes, such as proliferation and apoptosis. Growing evidence indicates that their deregulation plays an important role in cancer onset and progression as well, where they act as oncogenes or oncosuppressors.

Cholestatic hepatitis C following liver transplantation: An outcome‐based histological definition, clinical predictors, and prognosis

Elizabeth C. Verna, Rita Abdelmessih, Marcela A. Salomao, Jay Lefkowitch, Roger K. Moreira, Robert S. Brown – 18 October 2012 – Cholestatic hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a rare form of recurrent HCV following liver transplantation (LT) without specific diagnostic criteria. An outcome‐based method to improve its diagnosis and a description of its prognosis are needed.

Aging promotes the development of diet‐induced murine steatohepatitis but not steatosis

Luis Fontana, Enpeng Zhao, Muhammad Amir, Hanqing Dong, Kathryn Tanaka, Mark J. Czaja – 18 October 2012 – The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in humans increases with age. It is unknown whether this association is secondary to the increased incidence of risk factors for NAFLD that occurs with aging, reflects the culmination of years of exposure to lifestyle factors such as a high‐fat diet (HFD), or results from physiological changes that characterize aging.

Sirtuin7 oncogenic potential in human hepatocellular carcinoma and its regulation by the tumor suppressors MiR‐125a‐5p and MiR‐125b

Jeong Kyu Kim, Ji Heon Noh, Kwang Hwa Jung, Jung Woo Eun, Hyun Jin Bae, Min Gyu Kim, Young Gyoon Chang, Qingyu Shen, Won Sang Park, Jung Young Lee, Jürgen Borlak, Suk Woo Nam – 18 October 2012 – Sirtuins are nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide oxidized form (NAD+)‐dependent deacetylases and function in cellular metabolism, stress resistance, and aging. For sirtuin7 (SIRT7), a role in ribosomal gene transcription is proposed, but its function in cancer has been unclear.

The role of CCAAT enhancer‐binding protein homologous protein in human immunodeficiency virus protease‐inhibitor–induced hepatic lipotoxicity in mice

Yun Wang, Luyong Zhang, Xudong Wu, Emily C. Gurley, Elaine Kennedy, Phillip B. Hylemon, William M. Pandak, Arun J. Sanyal, Huiping Zhou – 18 October 2012 – Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) protease inhibitors (HIV PIs) are the core components of highly active antiretroviral therapy, which has been successfully used in the treatment of HIV‐1 infection in the past two decades. However, benefits of HIV PIs are compromised by clinically important adverse effects, such as dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and cardiovascular complications.

Characterization of gut microbiomes in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) patients: A connection between endogenous alcohol and NASH

Lixin Zhu, Susan S. Baker, Chelsea Gill, Wensheng Liu, Razan Alkhouri, Robert D. Baker, Steven R. Gill – 11 October 2012 – Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a serious liver disease associated with obesity. Characterized by metabolic syndrome, hepatic steatosis, and liver inflammation, NASH is believed to be under the influence of the gut microflora. Here, the composition of gut bacterial communities of NASH, obese, and healthy children was determined by 16S ribosomal RNA pyrosequencing.

Importance of the temporary portocaval shunt during adult living donor liver transplantation

Santiago Sánchez‐Cabús, Constantino Fondevila, David Calatayud, Joana Ferrer, Pilar Taurá, José Fuster, Juan Carlos García‐Valdecasas – 11 October 2012 – Adult living donor liver transplantation (aLDLT) is associated with surgical risks for the donor and with the possibility of small‐for‐size syndrome (SFSS) for the recipient, with both events being of great importance.

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