Contributions of new hepatocyte lineages to liver growth, maintenance, and regeneration in mice

Sonya V. Iverson, Kristin M. Comstock, Jean A. Kundert, Edward E. Schmidt – 29 April 2011 – The contributions that de novo differentiation of new hepatocyte lineages makes to normal liver physiology are unknown. In this study, a system that uniquely marks cells during a finite period following primary activation of a serum albumin gene promoter/enhancer‐driven Cre recombinase (albCre) transgene was used to investigate birthrates of new hepatocyte lineages from albumin (Alb)‐naive precursors in mice.

Genetic ablation or chemical inhibition of phosphatidylcholine transfer protein attenuates diet‐induced hepatic glucose production

Ekaterina Y. Shishova, Janis M. Stoll, Baran A. Ersoy, Sudeep Shrestha, Erez F. Scapa, Yingxia Li, Michele W. Niepel, Ya Su, Linda A. Jelicks, Gregory L. Stahl, Marcie A. Glicksman, Roger Gutierrez‐Juarez, Gregory D. Cuny, David E. Cohen – 29 April 2011 – Phosphatidylcholine transfer protein (PC‐TP, synonym StARD2) is a highly specific intracellular lipid binding protein that is enriched in liver. Coding region polymorphisms in both humans and mice appear to confer protection against measures of insulin resistance.

Hepatic organic anion transporting polypeptide transporter and thyroid hormone receptor interplay determines cholesterol and glucose homeostasis

Henriette E. Meyer zu Schwabedissen, Joseph A. Ware, David Finkelstein, Amarjit S. Chaudhry, Sara Mansell, Matilde Leon‐Ponte, Stephen C. Strom, Hani Zaher, Ute I. Schwarz, David J. Freeman, Erin G. Schuetz, Rommel G. Tirona, Richard B. Kim – 28 April 2011 – The role of organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs), particularly the members of OATP1B subfamily, in hepatocellular handling of endogenous and exogenous compounds is an important and emerging area of research.

Hepatitis C virus–infected women have a higher risk of advanced fibrosis and graft loss after liver transplantation than men

Jennifer C. Lai, Elizabeth C. Verna, Robert S. Brown, Jacqueline G. O'Leary, James F. Trotter, Lisa M. Forman, Jeffrey D. Duman, Richard G. Foster, R. Todd Stravitz, Norah A. Terrault, for the Consortium to Study Health Outcomes in HCV Liver Transplant Recipients (CRUSH‐C) – 28 April 2011 – In natural history studies of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, women have a lower risk of disease progression to cirrhosis. Whether female sex influences outcomes of HCV in the posttransplantation setting is unknown.

Critical role of tumor necrosis factor receptor 1, but not 2, in hepatic stellate cell proliferation, extracellular matrix remodeling, and liver fibrogenesis

Núria Tarrats, Anna Moles, Albert Morales, Carmen García‐Ruiz, José C. Fernández‐Checa, Montserrat Marí – 26 April 2011 – Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) has been implicated in the progression of many chronic liver diseases leading to fibrosis; however, the role of TNF in fibrogenesis is controversial and the specific contribution of TNF receptors to hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation remains to be established.

The hepcidin circuits act: Balancing iron and inflammation

Bryan D. Maliken, James E. Nelson, Kris V. Kowdley – 22 April 2011 – Hepcidin is a peptide hormone that regulates iron homeostasis and acts as an antimicrobial peptide. It is expressed and secreted by a variety of cell types in response to iron loading and inflammation. Hepcidin mediates iron homeostasis by binding to the iron exporter ferroportin, inducing its internalization and degradation via activation of the protein kinase Jak2 and the subsequent phosphorylation of ferroportin.

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