Marion G. Peters, Janet Andersen, Patrick Lynch, Tun Liu, Beverly Alston‐Smith, Carol L. Brosgart, Jeffrey M. Jacobson, Victoria A. Johnson, Richard B. Pollard, James F. Rooney, Kenneth E. Sherman, Susan Swindells, Bruce Polsky, ACTG Protocol A5127 Team – 20 October 2006 – Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in subjects coinfected with HIV. Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) and adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) are licensed for the treatment of HIV‐1 and HBV infection, respectively, but both have in vivo and in vitro activity against HBV.

Helen Williams, Patrick McKiernan, Deirdre Kelly, Ulrich Baumann – 20 October 2006

Ignazio R. Marino – 20 October 2006

Àurea Navarro‐Sabaté, Carmen Peralta, Maria Nieves Calvo, Anna Manzano, Marta Massip‐Salcedo, Joan Roselló‐Catafau, Ramon Bartrons – 20 October 2006 – Hepatic ischemia‐reperfusion injury associated with liver transplantation is an as yet unresolved problem in clinical practice. Preconditioning protects the liver against the deleterious effects of ischemia, although the mechanism underlying this preconditioning is still unclear.

Huawei Su, Gooitzen M. van Dam, Carlijn I. Buis, Dorien S. Visser, Jan Willem Hesselink, Theo A. Schuurs, Henri G.D. Leuvenink, Christopher H. Contag, Robert J. Porte – 20 October 2006 – Upregulation of heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) has been proposed as a critical mechanism protecting against cellular stress during liver transplantation, providing a potential target for new therapeutic interventions. We investigated the feasibility of in vivo bioluminescence imaging (BLI) to noninvasively quantify the spatiotemporal expression of HO‐1 after warm hepatic ischemia in living animals.

Steve S. Choi, Jason K. Sicklick, Qi Ma, Liu Yang, Jiawen Huang, Yi Qi, Wei Chen, Yin‐Xiong Li, Pascal J. Goldschmidt‐Clermont, Anna Mae Diehl – 20 October 2006 – Rac, a small, GTP‐binding protein in the Rho family, regulates several cellular functions, including the activation of NADPH oxidase, a major intracellular producer of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) isolated from mice that are genetically deficient in NADPH oxidase produce less ROS, and their activation during chronic liver injury is abrogated, resulting in decreased liver fibrosis.

Masao Honda, Taro Yamashita, Teruyuki Ueda, Hajime Takatori, Ryuhei Nishino, Shuichi Kaneko – 20 October 2006 – The clinical manifestations of chronic hepatitis B (CH‐B) and chronic hepatitis C (CH‐C) are different. We previously reported differences in the gene expression profiles of liver tissue infected with CH‐B or CH‐C; however, the signaling pathways underlying each condition have yet to be clarified.

Aurélie Plessier, Annie Sibert, Yann Consigny, Antoine Hakime, Magaly Zappa, Marie‐Hélène Denninger, Bertrand Condat, Olivier Farges, Carine Chagneau, Victor de Ledinghen, Claire Francoz, Alain Sauvanet, Valérie Vilgrain, Jacques Belghiti, François Durand, Dominique Valla – 20 October 2006 – The 1‐year spontaneous mortality rate in patients with Budd‐Chiari syndrome (BCS) approaches 70%. No prospective assessment of indications and impact on survival of current therapeutic procedures has been performed.

Cara L. Mack, Rebecca M. Tucker, Brandy R. Lu, Ronald J. Sokol, Andrew P. Fontenot, Yoshiyuki Ueno, Ronald G. Gill – 20 October 2006 – Biliary atresia is an inflammatory fibrosclerosing lesion of the bile ducts that leads to biliary cirrhosis and is the most frequent indication for liver transplantation in children. The pathogenesis of biliary atresia is not known; one theory is that of a virus‐induced, subsequent autoimmune‐mediated injury of bile ducts.

Nora V. Bergasa, Monnie McGee, Iona H. Ginsburg, Danielle Engler – 20 October 2006 – Pruritus is defined as the second order of nociception, the first being pain; thus, there is a rationale to study gabapentin, a drug that increases the threshold to experience nociception. The aim of this double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled trial was to study the effect of gabapentin on the perception of pruritus and its behavioral manifestation, scratching, in cholestasis. The participants were 16 women with chronic liver disease and chronic pruritus.