Charles S. Landis, Kosho Yamanouchi, Hongchao Zhou, Sankar Mohan, Namita Roy‐Chowdhury, David A. Shafritz, Alan Koretsky, Jayanta Roy‐Chowdhury, Hoby P. Hetherington, Chandan Guha – 20 October 2006 – Hepatocyte transplantation (HT) is being explored as a substitute for liver transplantation for the treatment of liver diseases. For the clinical application of HT, a preparative regimen that allows preferential proliferation of transplanted cells in the host liver and a noninvasive method to monitor donor cell engraftment, proliferation, and immune rejection would be useful.

Cheng‐Hsu Chen, Liang‐Mou Kuo, Yigang Chang, Wenhan Wu, Christina Goldbach, Mark A. Ross, Donna B. Stolz, Liepin Chen, John J. Fung, Lin Lu, Shiguang Qian – 20 October 2006 – Accumulating data suggest that hepatic tolerance, initially demonstrated by spontaneous acceptance of liver allografts in many species, results from an immune regulatory activity occurring in the liver. However, the responsible cellular and molecular components have not been completely understood. We have recently described profound T cell inhibitory activity of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) in vitro.

Dirk Graf, Caroline Kohlmann, Katrin Haselow, Thor Gehrmann, Johannes G. Bode, Dieter Häussinger – 20 October 2006 – Interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) is a major regulator of the acute phase reaction in the liver and is thought to mediate protective effects in response to hepatotoxins. In this study, the influence of bile acids on IL‐6 signal transduction was analyzed. It was shown that hydrophobic bile acids such as glycochenodeoxycholate (GCDC) inhibited IL‐6–induced tyrosine phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3 in hepatocytes and in perfused rat liver.

Tim O. Lankisch, Ulrike Moebius, Michael Wehmeier, Georg Behrens, Michael P. Manns, Reinhold E. Schmidt, Christian P. Strassburg – 20 October 2006 – Gilbert's disease leads to intermittent non‐hemolytic hyperbilirubinemia by a reduction of hepatic bilirubin glucuronidation associated with the presence of the UDP‐glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 1A1*28 polymorphism. It is considered benign because it does not result in hepatocellular damage. However, pharmacogenetic analyses have linked UGT1A1*28 to drug toxicity and cancer predisposition.

Andrew J. Burtenshaw, John L. Isaac – 20 October 2006 – Patients undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation frequently display considerable physiological changes during the procedure as a result of both the disease process and the surgery. Anaesthesia is often challenging and relies upon advanced monitoring techniques to provide data pertinent to peri‐operative management. Traditionally the pulmonary artery flotation catheter has been regarded as the gold standard for cardiac output and right heart monitoring.

Nora V. Bergasa, Monnie McGee, Iona H. Ginsburg, Danielle Engler – 20 October 2006 – Pruritus is defined as the second order of nociception, the first being pain; thus, there is a rationale to study gabapentin, a drug that increases the threshold to experience nociception. The aim of this double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled trial was to study the effect of gabapentin on the perception of pruritus and its behavioral manifestation, scratching, in cholestasis. The participants were 16 women with chronic liver disease and chronic pruritus.

Cara L. Mack, Rebecca M. Tucker, Brandy R. Lu, Ronald J. Sokol, Andrew P. Fontenot, Yoshiyuki Ueno, Ronald G. Gill – 20 October 2006 – Biliary atresia is an inflammatory fibrosclerosing lesion of the bile ducts that leads to biliary cirrhosis and is the most frequent indication for liver transplantation in children. The pathogenesis of biliary atresia is not known; one theory is that of a virus‐induced, subsequent autoimmune‐mediated injury of bile ducts.

Aurélie Plessier, Annie Sibert, Yann Consigny, Antoine Hakime, Magaly Zappa, Marie‐Hélène Denninger, Bertrand Condat, Olivier Farges, Carine Chagneau, Victor de Ledinghen, Claire Francoz, Alain Sauvanet, Valérie Vilgrain, Jacques Belghiti, François Durand, Dominique Valla – 20 October 2006 – The 1‐year spontaneous mortality rate in patients with Budd‐Chiari syndrome (BCS) approaches 70%. No prospective assessment of indications and impact on survival of current therapeutic procedures has been performed.

Masao Honda, Taro Yamashita, Teruyuki Ueda, Hajime Takatori, Ryuhei Nishino, Shuichi Kaneko – 20 October 2006 – The clinical manifestations of chronic hepatitis B (CH‐B) and chronic hepatitis C (CH‐C) are different. We previously reported differences in the gene expression profiles of liver tissue infected with CH‐B or CH‐C; however, the signaling pathways underlying each condition have yet to be clarified.

Steve S. Choi, Jason K. Sicklick, Qi Ma, Liu Yang, Jiawen Huang, Yi Qi, Wei Chen, Yin‐Xiong Li, Pascal J. Goldschmidt‐Clermont, Anna Mae Diehl – 20 October 2006 – Rac, a small, GTP‐binding protein in the Rho family, regulates several cellular functions, including the activation of NADPH oxidase, a major intracellular producer of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) isolated from mice that are genetically deficient in NADPH oxidase produce less ROS, and their activation during chronic liver injury is abrogated, resulting in decreased liver fibrosis.