James R. Burton, Hugo R.

Patrick S. Kamath – 18 October 2006 – Key Concepts: 1Diagnosis of Budd‐Chiari syndrome can be made on the basis of radiological imaging alone without the need for liver biopsy.2Ultrasonography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging all show various degrees of occlusion of the hepatic veins and/or inferior vena cava. Hypertrophy of the caudate lobe may also be seen.3Computed tomographic and magnetic resonance imaging give a better idea of hepatic perfusion.

Fredric Gordon – 18 October 2006 – Key Concepts: 1Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) in the nontransplant setting is a chronic, progressive liver disease characterized by diffuse stricturing of the biliary tree, cholestatic liver enzymes, and a compatible liver biopsy.2Cholangiography reveals irregularity of the bile duct wall, strictures, beading, and diverticula.3The typical biopsy reveals inflammation and fibrosis of the interlobular and septal bile ducts, often with obliteration or biliary‐type cirrhosis.4The precise pathogenetic mechanism remains elusive but is assumed to be an autoi

Hugo E. Vargas – 18 October 2006 – Key Concepts: 1The immediate postoperative concerns in a patient with primary sclerosing cholangitis.2Recognize the difficulties in assessing biliary health in patients that have had complicated postoperative biliary concerns.3Recognize the difficulty in ascertaining the presence of chronic rejection vs. recurrent primary sclerosing cholangitis. Liver Transpl. 12:S65–S67. 2006. © 2006 AASLD.

K.V. Narayanan Menon – 18 October 2006

Andrew S.

Kymberly D.S. Watt – 18 October 2006

Anthony Jake Demetris – 18 October 2006 – Key Concepts: 1Recurrent primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is extremely difficult, if not impossible, to distinguish from other causes of biliary strictures or sclerosing cholangitis in allografts using needle biopsy evaluation alone.

Lydia M. Petrovic – 18 October 2006 – Key Concepts: 1Early recurrence of hepatitis C is universal.2Typical histopathologic features of hepatitis C virus (HCV) and acute allograft rejection (AAR) exist.3Early recurrent HCV may be differentiated from AAR.4Liver biopsy plays a role in diagnosing HCV and AAR.5Risk factors for recurrent HCV should be known.6The natural history of recurrent HCV should be known.7The future role of ancillary studies beyond liver biopsy is assessed. Liver Transpl 12:S32–S37, 2006. © 2006 AASLD.

Debra L. Sudan – 18 October 2006