M C Shuhart, M P Bronner, D R Gretch, L V Thomassen, C F Wartelle, H Tateyama, S S Emerson, J D Perkins, R L Carithers – 30 December 2003 – Hepatitis frequently recurs after liver transplantation for hepatitis C. However, the histological progression of disease, predictors of recurrence and disease severity, and patient survival remain uncertain. Fifty‐five patients with cirrhosis caused by chronic hepatitis C underwent liver transplantation between January 1990 and December 1993.

L B Seeff – 30 December 2003 – Approximately 85% of persons with acute hepatitis C develop chronic hepatitis as determined by persistently abnormal serum enzymes and/or viremia (hepatitis C virus [HCV] RNA). Both the acute and chronic illnesses are predominantly asymptomatic. For this reason and because the chronic illness runs an extremely protracted course, it has been difficult to accurately define the frequency and rate of progression to symptomatic or end‐stage liver disease, specifically cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Three evaluation strategies have been used.

G L Davis, J Y Lau – 30 December 2003 – Alpha interferon is the only drug that has been shown to be effective in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C, but only half of patients respond, either transiently or permanently. Pretreatment features that are associated with a greater likelihood of response to short courses of interferon include low hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA levels, viral genotypes 2 or 3, and the absence of fibrosis or cirrhosis on liver biopsy. Each of these features is more predictive of sustained response (SR) than the end‐of‐treatment response (ETR).

H L Bonkovsky – 30 December 2003 – Because current standard therapy of chronic hepatitis C with α interferon is less than ideal, numerous other approaches have been studied. Iron in the liver, particularly that found in vascular endothelial cells of portal tracts, has been associated with decreased responsiveness to α interferon therapy. Iron reduction alone, generally achieved by therapeutic phlebotomy, regularly has been associated with biochemical improvement (decrease in serum alanine aminotransferase), but not with virological improvement.

Renee C. Lin, Michael J. Fillenwarth, Xiangnan Du – 30 December 2003 – We recently identified ▵4‐3‐ketosteroid‐5β‐reductase as the 37 kd liver protein which is highly susceptible to acetaldehyde modification in rats continuously fed alcohol. The 5β‐reductase is a key enzyme involved in bile acid synthesis. We report here that the ability to degrade 7α‐hydroxy‐4‐cholesten‐3‐one (HCO) was lower in the liver cytosol of alcohol‐fed rats than in control animals, suggesting an inhibition of the 5β‐reductase enzyme activity by acetaldehyde modification.

Douglas K. Owens – 30 December 2003

A. S. Knisely, Nelson B. Freimer – 30 December 2003

C. Hezode, C. Cazeneuve, O. Coué, J. M. Pawlotsky, E. S. Zafrani, S. Amselem, D. Dhumeaux – 30 December 2003

Shigeru Kakumitsu, Hiroshi Shijo, Masanori Yokoyama, Tetsuhiro Kim, Nobuo Akiyoshi, Kazuhiro Ota, Katsuhiko Kubara, Makoto Okumura, Kazuhide Inoue – 30 December 2003 – Nitric oxide (NO) is known to play an important role in modulating both the hepatic and mesenteric circulation under physiological and pathological conditions. We investigated how l‐arginine, a precursor of NO, modifies the hepatic and mesenteric circulation in patients with cirrhosis. The study design was a single‐blind controlled study.

Nynke R. Koopen, Henk Wolters, Rick Havinga, Roel J. Vonk, Peter L. Jansen, Michael Müller, Folkert Kuipers – 30 December 2003 – To test the hypothesis that impaired activity of the bile canalicular organic anion transporting system mrp2 (cmoat) is a key event in the etiology of 17α‐ethinylestradiol (EE)‐induced intrahepatic cholestasis in rats, EE (5 mg/kg subcutaneously daily) was administered to male normal Wistar (NW) and mrp2‐deficient Groningen Yellow/Transport‐deficient Wistar (GY/TR−) rats.