John W. Wiley – 1 June 1993 – The incubation of primary cultures of rat hepatocytes with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or biologically active phorbol esters promotes the release of nitric oxide to the incubation medium. This process is the result of the induction of the Ca2+‐ and calmodulinindependent form of nitric oxide synthase. Both the release of nitric oxide to the incubation medium and the expression of nitric oxide synthase activity exhibited a lag period of about 45–60 min after cell stimulation.

Tetsuo Ohta, Takukazu Nagakawa, Yutaka Yoshimitsu, Hiromi Sanada, Luis Fonseca, Itsuo Miyazaki, Tadashi Terada – 1 June 1993 – We studied the effects of the oral administration of a stable prostaglandin E2 analog, 16,16‐dimethyl prostaglandin E2, on the intrahepatic biliary branches in a canine model. Obstructive cholestasis with a bacterial infection was induced surgically in two liver lobes in healthy mongrel dogs, and 16,16‐dimethyl prostaglandin E2 was administered orally.

John Koskinas, Vivienne R. Winrow, George L. A. Bird, Johnson Y. N. Lau, Bernard C. Portmann, David R. Blake, Graeme J. M. Alexander, Roger Williams – 1 June 1993 – The precise mechanism of the pathogenesis of alcoholic hepatitis is unknown, but immune involvement may perpetuate and exacerbate the process. Heatshock proteins, normally protective, may be immunogenic and have been shown to induce antibody formation in some inflammatory conditions. Alcohol, cellular hypoxia and tumor necrosis factor, all involved in alcoholic hepatitis, are potent inducers of heatshock protein.

Peter Donaldson, James Underhill, Derek Doherty, Karen Hayllar, Roy Calne, Kai‐Chah Tan, John O'Grady, Derek Wight, Bernard Portmann, Roger Williams – 1 June 1993 – To date only one published large series of human leukocyte antigen matching and liver allograft survival exists, and considerable confusion has arisen about the advantage or disadvantage of human leukocyte antigen matching.

Kenji Ikeda, Satoshi Saitoh, Isao Koida, Akihito Tsubota, Yasuji Arase, Kazuaki Chayama, Hiromitsu Kumada – 1 June 1993 – To clarify the angiographic features of small hepatocellular carcinoma, we performed digital subtraction angiography in 91 patients with hepatocellular carcinomas of 2 cm or less. Repeated digital subtraction angiography studies were performed in 25 patients whose first angiograms showed no tumor staining. Digital subtraction angiography showed hypervascular tumor staining in only 51 patients (56.0%).

1 June 1993

Raymond S. Koff – 1 June 1993

Emilio Rocchi, Marco Cassanelli, Athos Borghi, Franco Paolillo, Marcello Pradelli, Giovanna Casalgrandi, Aldo Burani, Ennio Gallo – 1 June 1993 – The need for accurate and noninvasive evaluation of liver iron stores prompted us to evaluate the reliability of high‐field magnetic resonance imaging equipment in liver patients with low or moderate siderosis, given the poor results obtained using systems operating at low field strength in such cases.

Nobukazu Yuki, Norio Hayashi, Hideki Hagiwara, Tetsuo Takehara, Kazuhiro Katayama, Akinori Kasahara, Hideyuki Fusamoto, Takenobu Kamada – 1 June 1993 – We quantified IgG antibodies to structural (core) and nonstructural (C100‐3) hepatitis C virus proteins in 42 patients with chronic hepatitis C treated with a 6‐mo course of interferon‐α Sera were drawn before and at the end of therapy and also 6 mo after therapy withdrawal; they were stored for later analysis of antibodies and serum hepatitis C virus RNA.

1 June 1993