Guadalupe Garcia‐Tsao, Agustin Albillos, G. E. Barden, A. Brian West – 1 June 1993 – Patients with cirrhosis are predisposed to develop spontaneous bacteremias and peritonitis, mainly by enteric bacteria. Portal hypertension, by producing congestion and edema of the bowel wall, could increase the passage of bacteria from the intestinal lumen to regional lymph nodes to the systemic circulation or to both, a process termed bacterial translocation.

Mark Johnson, George Koukoulis, Kunio Matsumoto, Toshikazu Nakamura, Anand Iyer – 1 June 1993 – Hepatocyte growth factor is the most potent mitogen known for hepatocytes, and increasing evidence suggests that hepatocyte growth factor plays an important role in liver regeneration. However, hepatocytes are not the only liver epithelial cell population that proliferates during regeneration. Experimental and clinical data indicate that the regenerative liver response also includes the participation of nonparenchymal epithelial cells.

1 June 1993

John W. Wiley – 1 June 1993 – The incubation of primary cultures of rat hepatocytes with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or biologically active phorbol esters promotes the release of nitric oxide to the incubation medium. This process is the result of the induction of the Ca2+‐ and calmodulinindependent form of nitric oxide synthase. Both the release of nitric oxide to the incubation medium and the expression of nitric oxide synthase activity exhibited a lag period of about 45–60 min after cell stimulation.

Tetsuo Ohta, Takukazu Nagakawa, Yutaka Yoshimitsu, Hiromi Sanada, Luis Fonseca, Itsuo Miyazaki, Tadashi Terada – 1 June 1993 – We studied the effects of the oral administration of a stable prostaglandin E2 analog, 16,16‐dimethyl prostaglandin E2, on the intrahepatic biliary branches in a canine model. Obstructive cholestasis with a bacterial infection was induced surgically in two liver lobes in healthy mongrel dogs, and 16,16‐dimethyl prostaglandin E2 was administered orally.

John Koskinas, Vivienne R. Winrow, George L. A. Bird, Johnson Y. N. Lau, Bernard C. Portmann, David R. Blake, Graeme J. M. Alexander, Roger Williams – 1 June 1993 – The precise mechanism of the pathogenesis of alcoholic hepatitis is unknown, but immune involvement may perpetuate and exacerbate the process. Heatshock proteins, normally protective, may be immunogenic and have been shown to induce antibody formation in some inflammatory conditions. Alcohol, cellular hypoxia and tumor necrosis factor, all involved in alcoholic hepatitis, are potent inducers of heatshock protein.

Peter Donaldson, James Underhill, Derek Doherty, Karen Hayllar, Roy Calne, Kai‐Chah Tan, John O'Grady, Derek Wight, Bernard Portmann, Roger Williams – 1 June 1993 – To date only one published large series of human leukocyte antigen matching and liver allograft survival exists, and considerable confusion has arisen about the advantage or disadvantage of human leukocyte antigen matching.

Kenji Ikeda, Satoshi Saitoh, Isao Koida, Akihito Tsubota, Yasuji Arase, Kazuaki Chayama, Hiromitsu Kumada – 1 June 1993 – To clarify the angiographic features of small hepatocellular carcinoma, we performed digital subtraction angiography in 91 patients with hepatocellular carcinomas of 2 cm or less. Repeated digital subtraction angiography studies were performed in 25 patients whose first angiograms showed no tumor staining. Digital subtraction angiography showed hypervascular tumor staining in only 51 patients (56.0%).

1 June 1993

Raymond S. Koff – 1 June 1993