Tadashi Iwao, Atsushi Toyonaga, Motoki Ikegami, Kazuhiko Oho, Michihiro Sumino, Hiroshi Harada, Munenori Sakaki, Hiroyuki Shigemori, Toshichika Aoki, Kyuichi Tanikawa – 1 July 1993 – Although congestive gastric mucosal circulation has been suggested in patients with portal‐hypertensive gastropathy, whether it is due to “active” (overflow) or “passive” (stasis) congestion is not known. To answer this question, we assessed regional gastric mucosal blood flow with laser Doppler flowmetry in 57 patients with portal hypertension and 30 controls.

Ka‐Sic Ho, Bret A. Lashner, Jean C. Emond, Alfred L. Baker – 1 July 1993 – Prior variceal bleeding may adversely affect the prognosis of orthotopic liver transplantation. We studied this question by evaluating all 175 adult patients undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation at our institution to determine risk factors associated with mortality after transplantation. Seventy patients demonstrated prior variceal bleeding, and of those, 32 had a course of sclerotherapy. Thirteen also had portal systemic shunts.

John Polio, Cornel C. Sieber, Emanuel Lerne, Roberto J. Groszmann – 1 July 1993 – Most studies testing vasoactive agents in portalhypertensive rats have been performed in young animals. To assess age‐related changes in hemodynamic responses to adrenergic stimuli, we examined (a) responsiveness to norepinephrine (0.14 to 12.0 μg ˙ kg−1 ˙ min−1) in young (3‐mo‐old) and aged (9‐mo‐old) sham‐operated and portal‐hypertensive rats and (b) response to propranolol (2 and 10 mg ˙ kg−1 body wt), nitroglycerin (3.6 mg ˙ kg−1 ˙ min−1) or saline solution in aged portal‐hypertensive rats.

Pierpaolo Coni, Gabriella Simbula, Alessandra Carcereri de Prati, Marta Menegazzi, Hisanori Suzuki, Dittakavi S. R. Sarma, Giovanna M. Ledda‐Columbano, Amedeo Columbano – 1 June 1993 – The steady‐state levels of c‐fos, c‐jun and c‐myc messenger RNA were investigated in rat liver tissue after proliferative stimuli of different nature‐namely, compensatory regeneration induced by partial hepatectomy or carbon tetrachloride administration ‐ and direct hyperplasia induced by four different hepatomitogens: lead nitrate, ethylene dibromide, cyproterone acetate and nafenopin.

Gerda Rudolph, Richard Endele, Martin Senn, Adolf Stiehl – 1 June 1993 – Treatment of patients with cholestatic liver diseases with ursodeoxycholic acid has been shown to have beneficial effects that may be related to a shift in the balance between hydrophilic and hydrophobic bile acids in favor of hydrophilic bile acids. During treatment of patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis with ursodeoxycholic acid, plasma concentrations of some endogenous bile acids decrease.

Paul A. Akerman, Piera M. Cote, Shi Qi Yang, Craig McClain, Steve Nelson, Gregory Bagby, Anna Mae Diehl – 1 June 1993 – The pathogenesis of chronic alcoholic liver disease is uncertain, but it may reflect an impaired wound healing response to ethanol‐induced liver injury. Cellto‐cell communication such as that mediated by the cytokine tumor necrosis factor is necessary for successful liver regeneration and complete recovery from liver injury. Hence disruption of intercellular regenerative signaling may contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic alcoholic liver disease.

Vijay Shah, Steve Webster, Jeanne Gottstein, Andres T. Blei – 1 June 1993 – In fulminant liver failure, brain edema may progress to intracranial hypertension. However, the rise in intracranial pressure is a late event in this sequence. We investigated the relationship between cerebral perfusion and development of intracranial hypertension in a well‐characterized model of fulminant liver failure, the rat subjected to hepatic devascularization (n = 11).

Hanan Al Mardini, Emma J. Harrison, Paul G. Ince, Kim Bartlett, Christopher O. Record – 1 June 1993 – The neurotransmitter serotonin has a profound effect on the control of sleep; thus excess serotonin activity in the brain could be responsible for impaired consciousness in hepatic encephalopathy. Furthermore, an increased brain level of 5‐hydroxyindoleacetic acid has been a consistent finding in various animal models of the condition.

Jürgen Scheibner, Michael Fuchs, Michael Schiemann, Gisela Tauber, Erwin Hörmann, Eduard F. Stange – 1 June 1993 – The present study defines the origin of cholesterol subserving bile acid synthesis in male rats with an extracorporal bile duct by labeling newly formed cholesterol with tritiated water. Within 6 hr after interruption of the enterohepatic circulation, the bile acid pool was depleted. At this early time point the proportion from de novo cholesterol was 8% and 12% for biliary cholesterol and cholate, but 18% and 19% for muricholate and chenodeoxycholate, respectively.

Jacqueline B. Wahler, Mark G. Swain, Richard Carson, Nora V. Bergasa, E. Anthony Jones – 1 June 1993 – The blood‐brain‐barrier plays an essential role in regulating the entrance of substances into the brain. To date, permeability of the blood‐brain barrier has not been studied in models of cholestatic liver injury, although levels of substances known to enhance vascular permeability (bile acids, substance P, histamine) are elevated in cholestasis.