Santiago Muñoz, Mackenzie Walser – 1 May 1986 – The incorporation of orally administered 1‐14C‐α‐ketoisocaproate into the leucine of proteins in rats was compared with the incorporation of [3H]leucine itself administered simultaneously and expressed as a ratio, R. This ratio in whole body protein has been shown to be approximately equal to the nutritional efficiency of α‐ketoisocaproate as a dietary substitute for leucine.

1 May 1986

Albert J. Czaja – 1 May 1986 – A randomised controlled trial was conducted in 29 HBV carriers who had been HBs and HBe antigen positive for more than six months. Fifteen patients were treated with ARA‐AMP 10 mg/kg/ day given as intramuscular injections 12 hours apart for five days followed by 5 mg/kg/day for 23 days. The 14 controls received no treatment. Serum HBV‐DNA polymerase, and HBV‐DNA decreased in all patients during therapy. Six treated patients lost serum HBV‐DNA polymerase, HBV‐DNA and HBeAg, HBsAg concentrations decreased, and five developed anti‐HBe.

Gotaro Yamada, Ichinosuke Hyodo, Kazuo Tobe, Motowo Mizuno, Takashi Nishihara, Toshinari Kobayashi, Hideo Nagashima – 1 May 1986 – Subpopulations of lymphocytes in portal areas, especially infiltrating bile duct epithelia were analyzed by light and electron microscopy using indirect peroxidaselabeled antibody method and monoclonal antibodies against pan‐T (Leu 1), cytotoxic/suppressor T (Leu 2a), helper/inducer T (Leu 3a) and natural killer/K (Leu 7) and suppressor T (Leu 15) cells in liver biopsy specimens from four patients with primary biliary cirrhosis.

1 May 1986

Kathleen M. Nicholls, Michael D. Shapiro, Rudiger Kluge, Hsaio‐Min Chung, Daniel G. Bichet, Robert W. Schrier – 1 March 1986 – Sodium excretion in 13 patients with decompensated cirrhosis was measured under baseline conditions of water loading (n = 13) and during conditions designed to improve effective blood volume including: head‐out water immersion alone (n = 13); norepinephrine infusion alone (n = 6), and combined norepinephrine and head‐out water immersion (n = 6).

1 March 1986

William J. Lindblad, John T. Galambos – 1 March 1986

Lawrence Lumeng – 1 March 1986 – Markedly increased circulating concentrations of pyridoxal‐5′‐phosphate (PLP) were found in each of 14 patients representing all clinical forms of hypophosphatasia, an inborn error characterized by deficient activity of the tissue‐nonspecific (bone/liver/kidney) isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase (AP). The mean PLP concentration in plasma was 1,174 nM (range, 214 to 3,839 nM) in the patients and 57 ± 26 nM (mean ± S.D.) in 38 control subjects.

Shou‐Dong Lee, Jaw‐Ching Wu, Jiin‐Yu Wang, Yang‐Te Tsai, Kwang‐Juei Lo, Benjamin N. Chiang – 1 March 1986