Impact of Aging on Liver Cells and Liver Disease: Focus on the Biliary and Vascular Compartments

Leonardo Baiocchi, Shannon Glaser, Heather Francis, Lindsey Kennedy, Eric Felli, Gianfranco Alpini, Jordi Gracia‐Sancho – 9 April 2021 – The aging process is represented by the time‐dependent decay in physiologic functions of living beings. Major interest has been focused in recent years on the determinants of this progressive condition due to its correlative relationship with the onset of diseases. Several hallmark features have been observed in aging, such as genetic alterations, mitochondrial impairment, and telomere shortening.

Deuterium‐Stabilized (R)‐Pioglitazone (PXL065) Is Responsible for Pioglitazone Efficacy in NASH yet Exhibits Little to No PPARγ Activity

Vincent Jacques, Sébastien Bolze, Sophie Hallakou‐Bozec, Anthony W. Czarnik, Ajit S. Divakaruni, Pascale Fouqueray, Anne N. Murphy, Lex H.T. Van der Ploeg, Sheila DeWitt – 9 April 2021 – The antidiabetic drug pioglitazone is, to date, the most efficacious oral drug recommended off‐label for the treatment of nondiabetic or diabetic patients with biopsy‐proven nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). However, weight gain and edema side effects have limited its use for NASH.

Feasibility and Effectiveness of Norepinephrine Outside the Intensive Care Setting for Treatment of Hepatorenal Syndrome

Allison Kwong, W. Ray Kim, Paul Y. Kwo, Uerica Wang, Xingxing Cheng – 9 April 2021 – Vasoconstrictors are the treatment of choice for hepatorenal syndrome (HRS). We evaluate the real‐life effectiveness of a sequential vasoconstrictor regimen of midodrine–octreotide followed by norepinephrine in a nonintensive care unit (non‐ICU) setting in the United States, where terlipressin is not available. The diagnosis of HRS and definitions of response to therapy were based on 2015 guidelines from the International Club of Ascites.

Atherogenic Dyslipidemia After Liver Transplantation: Mechanisms and Clinical Implications

Taseen Syed, Mohammad S. Siddiqui – 9 April 2021 – Cardiovascular disease (CVD), particularly atherosclerosis‐associated CVD, is a major cause of long‐term mortality after liver transplantation (LT). The liver is central in lipid homeostasis, and changes associated with insulin resistance, weight gain, adipose tissue inflammation, and development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) after LT promote atherogenesis.

The Role of Ex Situ Hypothermic Oxygenated Machine Perfusion and Cold Preservation Time in Extended Criteria Donation After Circulatory Death and Donation After Brain Death

Daniele Dondossola, Matteo Ravaioli, Caterina Lonati, Lorenzo Maroni, Alessia Pini, Caterina Accardo, Giuliana Germinario, Barbara Antonelli, Federica Odaldi, Alberto Zanella, Antonio Siniscalchi, Matteo Cescon, Giorgio Rossi – 8 April 2021 – Hypothermic oxygenated machine perfusion (HOPE) has the potential to counterbalance the detrimental consequences of cold and warm ischemia time (WIT) in both donation after brain death (DBD) and donation after circulatory death (DCD).

Risk Factors for Beyond Milan Recurrence After Hepatic Resection for Single Hepatocellular Carcinoma No Larger Than 5 Centimeters

Mina Kim, Taegyu Kim, Hyun Young Lee, Sung Yeon Hong, Hee‐Jung Wang, Bong‐Wan Kim – 8 April 2021 – Hepatic resection (HR) is considered a treatment of choice for a single hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) ≤5 cm in patients with preserved liver function. However, it is possible for these patients to develop a severe form of recurrence (beyond Milan recurrence [BMR] criteria). This recurrence could have been avoided if liver transplantation (LT) was performed primarily, as LT is believed to yield a more favorable oncological outcome compared with HR.

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