Ronald E. Rose, Dennis Hernandez, Paul J. Falk, Karen Ericson, Nannan Zhou, Alexandra Thiry, Fiona McPhee – 21 August 2018 – Entecavir (ETV) is a first‐line therapy for chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV), demonstrating potent suppression of HBV DNA and a high barrier to viral resistance. Previous studies revealed that ETV‐resistant (ETVr) HBV DNA resulted from substitutions in the HBV reverse transcriptase (RT) at positions rtT184, rtS202, or rtM250 in combination with lamivudine resistance (LVDr) substitutions rtM204I/V±rtL180M.

Michael Leise, Andrés Cárdenas – 21 August 2018 – Hyponatremia in cirrhosis is defined as a serum sodium level ≤130 mEq/L and occurs in approximately 22% of patients with cirrhosis. The appearance of hyponatremia in patients with cirrhosis portends a poor prognosis before liver transplantation (LT), independent of the Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score. With the development of the MELD‐sodium score, the management of hyponatremia has become more relevant than ever before.

Tommaso Maria Manzia, Roberta Angelico, Luca Toti, Cristina Angelico, Claudia Quaranta, Alessandro Parente, Francesca Blasi, Samuele Iesari, Daniele Sforza, Leonardo Baiocchi, Jan Lerut, Giuseppe Tisone – 20 August 2018 – Lifelong immunosuppression (IS) after liver transplantation is associated with severe adverse effects and increased recipients’ morbidity and mortality. Clinical operational tolerance has been reported in up to 40% in very well‐selected recipients. Longterm survival and cost savings within the Italian national health system in operational tolerant recipients is reported.

Ryan M. Chadha, Marjorie K. Dougherty, Kaitlyn R. Musto, Denise M. Harnois, Justin H. Nguyen – 20 August 2018

Kaveh Hajifathalian, Babak Torabi Sagvand, Arthur J. McCullough – 19 August 2018 – Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) comprises more than two thirds of patients with chronic liver disease in the United States. The effect of alcohol consumption on survival in patients with NAFLD is not clear. We gathered data on National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey participants from 1988 to 2010, and linked them to the National Death Index for follow‐up of their survival. We diagnosed NAFLD based on a previously validated biochemical model (Hepatic Steatosis Index).

Shanice A. Karangwa, Jelle Adelmeijer, Alix P. M. Matton, Vincent E. Meijer, Ton Lisman, Robert J. Porte – 19 August 2018

Mayank Sharma, Siddharth Singh, Vivek Desai, Vijay H. Shah, Patrick S. Kamath, Mohammad Hassan Murad, Douglas A. Simonetto – 19 August 2018 – We performed a systematic review with network meta‐analysis (NMA) to compare the efficacy of different approaches in primary prevention of esophageal variceal bleeding and overall survival in patients with cirrhosis with large varices. Thirty‐two randomized clinical trials (RCTs) with 3,362 adults with cirrhosis with large esophageal varices and no prior history of bleeding, with a minimum of 12 months of follow‐up, were included.

Slim Fourati, Christophe Rodriguez, Christophe Hézode, Alexandre Soulier, Isaac Ruiz, Lila Poiteau, Stéphane Chevaliez, Jean‐Michel Pawlotsky – 19 August 2018 – Hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 4 is highly heterogeneous. HCV subtype 4r has been suggested to be less responsive to direct‐acting antiviral (DAA) drug treatment than other genotype 4 subtypes.

Raluca Pais, Alban Redheuil, Philippe Cluzel, Vlad Ratziu, Philippe Giral – 19 August 2018 – Despite a well‐documented increase in the prevalence of subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with steatosis, the relationship among steatosis and atherosclerosis, specific atherosclerotic sites, multiple‐site atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular risk prediction is incompletely understood.

Anselm Wong, Richard McNulty, David Taylor, Marco Sivilotti, Shaun Greene, Naren Gunja, Zeff Koutsogiannis, Andis Graudins – 19 August 2018 – Historically, intravenous acetylcysteine has been delivered at a fixed dose and duration of 300 mg/kg over 20 to 21 hours to nearly every patient deemed to be at any risk for hepatotoxicity following acetaminophen overdose. We investigated a 12‐hour treatment regimen for selected low‐risk patients. This was a multicenter, open‐label, cluster‐controlled trial at six metropolitan emergency departments.