The role of human cytochrome P450 2E1 in liver inflammation and fibrosis

Jun Xu, Hsiao‐Yen Ma, Shuang Liang, Mengxi Sun, Gabriel Karin, Yukinori Koyama, Ronglin Hu, Oswald Quehenberger, Nicholas O. Davidson, Edward A. Dennis, Tatiana Kisseleva, David A. Brenner – 30 October 2017 – Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) plays an important role in alcohol and toxin metabolism by catalyzing the conversion of substrates into more polar metabolites and producing reactive oxygen species. Reactive oxygen species‐induced oxidative stress promotes hepatocyte injury and death, which in turn induces inflammation, activation of hepatic stellate cells, and liver fibrosis.

The circulating microbiome signature and inferred functional metagenomics in alcoholic hepatitis

Puneet Puri, Suthat Liangpunsakul, Jeffrey E. Christensen, Vijay H. Shah, Patrick S. Kamath, Gregory J. Gores, Susan Walker, Megan Comerford, Barry Katz, Andrew Borst, Qigui Yu, Divya P. Kumar, Faridoddin Mirshahi, Svetlana Radaeva, Naga P. Chalasani, David W. Crabb, Arun J. Sanyal, for the TREAT Consortium – 30 October 2017 – Intestinal dysbiosis is implicated in alcoholic hepatitis (AH). However, changes in the circulating microbiome, its association with the presence and severity of AH, and its functional relevance in AH is unknown.

Safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of l‐ornithine phenylacetate in patients with acute liver injury/failure and hyperammonemia

R. Todd Stravitz, Michelle Gottfried, Valerie Durkalski, Robert J. Fontana, A. James Hanje, David Koch, Bilal Hameed, Daniel Ganger, Ram M. Subramanian, Stan Bukofzer, William R. Ravis, Kristen Clasen, Averell Sherker, Lanna Little, William M. Lee, for the Acute Liver Failure Study Group – 28 October 2017 – Cerebral edema remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with acute liver failure (ALF) and has been linked to elevated blood ammonia levels.

Next generation sequencing in pediatric hepatology and liver transplantation

Emanuele Nicastro, Lorenzo D'Antiga – 28 October 2017 – Next generation sequencing (NGS) has revolutionized the analysis of human genetic variations, offering a highly cost‐effective way to diagnose monogenic diseases (MDs). Because nearly half of the children with chronic liver disorders have a genetic cause and approximately 20% of pediatric liver transplantations are performed in children with MDs, NGS offers the opportunity to significantly improve the diagnostic yield in this field.

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