Decreasing mortality and disease severity in hepatitis C patients awaiting liver transplantation in the United States

Allison Kwong, W. Ray Kim, Ajitha Mannalithara, Nae‐Yun Heo, Prowpanga Udompap, Donghee Kim – 10 November 2017 – Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has been the leading indication for liver transplantation (LT) in the United States. Since 2013, interferon‐free antiviral therapy has led to sustained virological response in many LT candidates. We compared the wait‐list mortality of HCV patients with that of patients with other chronic liver diseases. Data for primary LT candidates were obtained from the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network database.

Association of vitamin E intake at early childhood with alanine aminotransferase levels at mid‐childhood

Jennifer A. Woo Baidal, Erika R. Cheng, Sheryl L. Rifas‐Shiman, Emily Oken, Matthew W. Gillman, Elsie M. Taveras – 9 November 2017 – The extent to which vitamin E (alpha‐tocopherol) intake early in childhood is associated with alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level later in childhood is unknown. The objective of this research is to test the hypothesis that higher alpha‐tocopherol intake during early childhood is associated with lower odds of elevated ALT levels during mid‐childhood and to examine how body mass index (BMI) influences these relationships.

Hairy and enhancer of split 6 prevents hepatic lipid accumulation through inhibition of Pparg2 expression

Jung Eun Park, Mikang Lee, Seong‐Chul Kim, Yanqiao Zhang, James P. Hardwick, Yoon Kwang Lee – 8 November 2017 – Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a master regulator for white adipocyte differentiation and lipid storage. The increased level of hepatic PPARγ2 isoform reprograms liver for lipid storage and causes abnormal fat accumulation in certain pathophysiologic conditions. The current study aimed to investigate a role of transcriptional repressor hairy and enhancer of split 6 (HES6) in the regulation of Pparg2 expression and hepatic steatosis induced by diet.

WW and C2 domain–containing proteins regulate hepatic cell differentiation and tumorigenesis through the hippo signaling pathway

Anke Hermann, Dirk Oliver Wennmann, Sascha Gromnitza, Maria Edeling, Veerle Van Marck, Marius Sudol, Liliana Schaefer, Kerstin Duning, Thomas Weide, Hermann Pavenstädt, Joachim Kremerskothen – 8 November 2017 – The Hippo pathway regulates cell differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. Upon activation, it inhibits the import of the transcriptional coactivator yes‐associated protein (YAP) into the nucleus, thus suppressing transcription of pro‐proliferative genes.

Restoration of a healthy intestinal microbiota normalizes portal hypertension in a rat model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis

Teresa García‐Lezana, Imma Raurell, Miren Bravo, Manuel Torres‐Arauz, María Teresa Salcedo, Alba Santiago, Andreu Schoenenberger, Chaysavanh Manichanh, Joan Genescà, María Martell, Salvador Augustin – 7 November 2017 – Portal hypertension (PH) drives most of the clinical complications in chronic liver diseases. However, its progression in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and its association with the intestinal microbiota (IM) have been scarcely studied. Our aim was to investigate the role of the IM in the mechanisms leading to PH in early NASH.

Pyroptosis by caspase11/4‐gasdermin‐D pathway in alcoholic hepatitis in mice and patients

Elena Khanova, Raymond Wu, Wen Wang, Rui Yan, Yibu Chen, Samuel W. French, Cristina Llorente, Stephanie Q. Pan, Qihong Yang, Yuchang Li, Raul Lazaro, Charles Ansong, Richard D. Smith, Ramon Bataller, Timothy Morgan, Bernd Schnabl, Hidekazu Tsukamoto – 6 November 2017 – Alcoholic hepatitis (AH) continues to be a disease with high mortality and no efficacious medical treatment. Although severe AH is presented as acute on chronic liver failure, what underlies this transition from chronic alcoholic steatohepatitis (ASH) to AH is largely unknown.

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