Toward solving the etiological mystery of primary biliary cholangitis

Atsushi Tanaka, Patrick S.C. Leung, Howard A. Young, M. Eric Gershwin – 18 May 2017 – Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is considered a model autoimmune disease due to its signature anti‐mitochondrial antibody (AMA) autoantibody, female predominance, and relatively specific portal infiltration and cholestasis. The identification and cloning of the major mitochondrial autoantigens recognized by AMA have served as an immunologic platform to identify the earliest events involved in loss of tolerance.

Current guidelines for chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma: Room for improvement?

Jared A. White, Stephen H. Gray, Peng Li, Heather N. Simpson, Brendan M. McGuire, Devin E. Eckhoff, Ahmed Mohamed Kamel Abdel Aal, Souheil Saddekni, Derek A. Dubay – 18 May 2017 – Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is the most common oncologic therapy used according to the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) guidelines established in 2005, revised in 2011. The purpose of this study was to determine how AASLD criteria for the management of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have impacted TACE practice in the community.

Intermittent hypoxia is a proinflammatory stimulus resulting in IL‐6 expression and M1 macrophage polarization

Esperance Schaefer, Winona Wu, Christina Mark, Andrew Yang, Erik DiGiacomo, Charles Carlton‐Smith, Shadi Salloum, Cynthia Brisac, Wenyu Lin, Kathleen E. Corey, Raymond T. Chung – 18 May 2017 – The biological factors that promote inflammation or nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in the setting of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease remain incompletely understood. Clinical studies have demonstrated an association between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and both inflammation and fibrosis in NASH, but the mechanism has not been identified.

Large‐scale computational models of liver metabolism: How far from the clinics?

Tanja Cvitanović, Matthias C. Reichert, Miha Moškon, Miha Mraz, Frank Lammert, Damjana Rozman – 18 May 2017 – Understanding the dynamics of human liver metabolism is fundamental for effective diagnosis and treatment of liver diseases. This knowledge can be obtained with systems biology/medicine approaches that account for the complexity of hepatic responses and their systemic consequences in other organs.

Circular RNA circMTO1 acts as the sponge of microRNA‐9 to suppress hepatocellular carcinoma progression

Dan Han, Jiangxue Li, Huamin Wang, Xiaoping Su, Jin Hou, Yan Gu, Cheng Qian, Yun Lin, Xiang Liu, Mingyan Huang, Nan Li, Weiping Zhou, Yizhi Yu, Xuetao Cao – 18 May 2017 – Noncoding RNAs play important roles in cancer biology, providing potential targets for cancer intervention. As a new class of endogenous noncoding RNAs, circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been recently identified in cell development and function, and certain types of pathological responses, generally acting as a microRNA (miRNA) sponge to regulate gene expression.

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