Characterization of the Specificity, Functionality, and Durability of Host T‐Cell Responses Against the Full‐Length Hepatitis E Virus

Anthony Brown, John S. Halliday, Leo Swadling, Richie G. Madden, Richard Bendall, Jeremy G. Hunter, James Maggs, Peter Simmonds, Donald B. Smith, Louisa Vine, Cara McLaughlin, Jane Collier, David Bonsall, Katie Jeffery, Susanna Dunachie, Paul Klenerman, Jacques Izopet, Nassim Kamar, Harry R. Dalton, Eleanor Barnes – 15 September 2016 – The interplay between host antiviral immunity and immunopathology during hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection determines important clinical outcomes.

The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator controls biliary epithelial inflammation and permeability by regulating Src tyrosine kinase activity

Romina Fiorotto, Ambra Villani, Antonis Kourtidis, Roberto Scirpo, Mariangela Amenduni, Peter J. Geibel, Massimiliano Cadamuro, Carlo Spirli, Panos Z. Anastasiadis, Mario Strazzabosco – 15 September 2016 – In the liver, the cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) regulates bile secretion and other functions at the apical membrane of biliary epithelial cells (i.e., cholangiocytes). CF‐related liver disease is a major cause of death in patients with CF.

Extracellular vesicles in liver pathobiology: Small particles with big impact

Petra Hirsova, Samar H. Ibrahim, Vikas K. Verma, Leslie A. Morton, Vijay H. Shah, Nicholas F. LaRusso, Gregory J. Gores, Harmeet Malhi – 15 September 2016 – Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanometer‐sized, membrane‐bound vesicles released by cells into the extracellular milieu. EVs are now recognized to play a critical role in cell‐to‐cell communication. EVs contain important cargo in the form of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids and serve as vectors for delivering this cargo from donor to acceptor or target cell.

Efficient nonarterialized mouse liver transplantation using 3‐dimensional–printed instruments

Graziano Oldani, Stéphanie Lacotte, Lorenzo A. Orci, Vaihere Delaune, Florence Slits, Quentin Gex, Philippe Morel, Laura Rubbia‐Brandt, Christian Toso – 12 September 2016 – Because of the wide availability of genetically modified animals, mouse orthotopic liver transplantation is often preferred over rat liver transplantation. We present a simplified mouse liver transplantation technique and compare transplantation outcomes with versus without hepatic artery anastomosis. Instruments for liver implantation were designed and printed with a 3‐dimensional (3D) printer.

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