Mark W. Russo, Ayman A. Koteish, Michael Fuchs, K. Gautham Reddy, Oren K. Fix – 15 September 2016 – The field of hepatology has experienced dramatic changes since the last workforce study in hepatology over 15 years ago. Hepatology practice has been dominated by hepatitis C but is now being overtaken by patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Expertise once attainable only through informal training, hepatology now has an accredited fellowship pathway and is recognized as a distinct discipline from gastroenterology with its own board certification.

Philipp Kron, Michael Linecker, Perparim Limani, Andrea Schlegel, Patryk Kambakamba, Jean‐Marie Lehn, Claude Nicolau, Rolf Graf, Bostjan Humar, Pierre‐Alain Clavien – 15 September 2016 – Interaction between sinusoidal endothelial cells and hepatocytes is a prerequisite for liver function. Upon tissue loss, both liver cell populations need to be regenerated. Repopulation occurs in a coordinated pattern, first through the regeneration of parenchyme (hepatocytes), which then produces vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) to enable the subsequent angiogenic phase.

Paul Kaminsky, Joshua Preiss, Eizaburo Sasatomi, David A. Gerber – 15 September 2016

Mateus T. Guerra – 15 September 2016

Hao Zhou, Minjia Yu, Junjie Zhao, Bradley N. Martin, Sanjoy Roychowdhury, Megan R. McMullen, Emily Wang, Paul L. Fox, Sho Yamasaki, Laura E. Nagy, Xiaoxia Li – 15 September 2016 – Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐mediated activation of Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) in hepatic macrophages and injury to hepatocytes are major contributors to the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease. However, the mechanisms by which TLR‐dependent inflammatory responses and alcohol‐induced hepatocellular damage coordinately lead to alcoholic liver disease are not completely understood.

Jeffrey H. Albrecht – 15 September 2016

Anthony Brown, John S. Halliday, Leo Swadling, Richie G. Madden, Richard Bendall, Jeremy G. Hunter, James Maggs, Peter Simmonds, Donald B. Smith, Louisa Vine, Cara McLaughlin, Jane Collier, David Bonsall, Katie Jeffery, Susanna Dunachie, Paul Klenerman, Jacques Izopet, Nassim Kamar, Harry R. Dalton, Eleanor Barnes – 15 September 2016 – The interplay between host antiviral immunity and immunopathology during hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection determines important clinical outcomes.

Paul Kaminsky, Joshua Preiss, Eizaburo Sasatomi, David A. Gerber – 15 September 2016

Romina Fiorotto, Ambra Villani, Antonis Kourtidis, Roberto Scirpo, Mariangela Amenduni, Peter J. Geibel, Massimiliano Cadamuro, Carlo Spirli, Panos Z. Anastasiadis, Mario Strazzabosco – 15 September 2016 – In the liver, the cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) regulates bile secretion and other functions at the apical membrane of biliary epithelial cells (i.e., cholangiocytes). CF‐related liver disease is a major cause of death in patients with CF.

Petra Hirsova, Samar H. Ibrahim, Vikas K. Verma, Leslie A. Morton, Vijay H. Shah, Nicholas F. LaRusso, Gregory J. Gores, Harmeet Malhi – 15 September 2016 – Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanometer‐sized, membrane‐bound vesicles released by cells into the extracellular milieu. EVs are now recognized to play a critical role in cell‐to‐cell communication. EVs contain important cargo in the form of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids and serve as vectors for delivering this cargo from donor to acceptor or target cell.