The fingerprint of antimitochondrial antibodies and the etiology of primary biliary cholangitis

Zongwen Shuai, Jinjun Wang, Madhu Badamagunta, Jinjung Choi, Guoxiang Yang, Weici Zhang, Thomas P. Kenny, Kathryn Guggenheim, Mark J. Kurth, Aftab A. Ansari, John Voss, Ross L. Coppel, Pietro Invernizzi, Patrick S.C. Leung, M. Eric Gershwin – 18 January 2017 – The identification of environmental factors that lead to loss of tolerance has been coined the holy grail of autoimmunity.

Is moderate alcohol use in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease good or bad? A critical review

Veeral H. Ajmera, Norah A. Terrault, Stephen A. Harrison – 18 January 2017 – Moderate alcohol consumption in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is common, yet the effects on cardiovascular and liver health are unclear. Moderate alcohol use is associated with improved insulin sensitivity and decreased cardiovascular mortality in the general population, but whether similar benefits would be observed in persons with NAFLD remains largely unstudied.

Nonstructural protein 5B promotes degradation of the NORE1A tumor suppressor to facilitate hepatitis C virus replication

Payal Arora, Amartya Basu, M. Lee Schmidt, Geoffrey J. Clark, Howard Donninger, Daniel B. Nichols, Diego F. Calvisi, Neerja Kaushik‐Basu – 16 January 2017 – Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a common risk factor for the development of liver cancer. The molecular mechanisms underlying this effect are only partially understood. Here, we show that the HCV protein, nonstructural protein (NS) 5B, directly binds to the tumor suppressor, NORE1A (RASSF5), and promotes its proteosomal degradation.

Laboratory of genetics and physiology 2 (LGP2) plays an essential role in hepatitis C virus infection‐induced interferon responses

Lei Hei, Jin Zhong – 16 January 2017 – Retinoic acid‐inducible gene I (RIG‐I)‐like receptors are cytosolic pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that detect non‐self‐RNA and activate downstream interferon (IFN) signaling. One of the RIG‐I‐like receptors, laboratory of genetics and physiology 2 (LGP2), was originally thought to be a negative feedback regulator in the RIG‐I signaling pathway, but growing evidence indicates that LGP2 is one cofactor of melanoma differentiation‐associated protein 5 (MDA5) in MDA5‐mediated IFN signaling activation.

An endoplasmic reticulum protein, Nogo‐B, facilitates alcoholic liver disease through regulation of kupffer cell polarization

Jin‐Kyu Park, Mingjie Shao, Moon Young Kim, Soon Koo Baik, Mee Yon Cho, Teruo Utsumi, Ayano Satoh, Xinsho Ouyang, Chuhan Chung, Yasuko Iwakiri – 16 January 2017 – Nogo‐B (Reticulon 4B) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) resident protein that regulates ER structure and function. Because ER stress is known to induce M2 macrophage polarization, we examined whether Nogo‐B regulates M1/M2 polarization of Kupffer cells and alters the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease (ALD).

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