Wonhyo Seo, Hyuk Soo Eun, So Yeon Kim, Hyon‐Seung Yi, Young‐Sun Lee, Seol‐Hee Park, Mi‐Jin Jang, Eunjung Jo, Sun Chang Kim, Yong‐Mahn Han, Keun‐Gyu Park, Won‐Il Jeong – 14 May 2016 – During liver injury, hepatocytes secrete exosomes that include diverse types of self‐RNAs. Recently, self‐noncoding RNA has been recognized as an activator of Toll‐like receptor 3 (TLR3). However, the roles of hepatic exosomes and TLR3 in liver fibrosis are not yet fully understood.

Y.Y. Dan – 14 May 2016

Austin G. Duffy, Oxana V. Makarova‐Rusher, Tim F. Greten – 14 May 2016 – Biliary tract cancers (BTC) comprise a group of uncommon malignancies in which the standard therapies are minimally effective and evolve slowly. Like the majority of gastrointestinal cancers, with some notable exceptions, the impact of immune‐based approaches has yet to be seen. However, the etiological background of BTC—overlapping in almost every known causative or associated factor with inflammation—provides a strong clue that these approaches may have an impact in this group of diseases.

Alan F. Hofmann – 14 May 2016

Gonzalo Sapisochin, Nicolas Goldaracena, Jerome M. Laurence, Martin Dib, Andrew Barbas, Anand Ghanekar, Sean P. Cleary, Les Lilly, Mark S. Cattral, Max Marquez, Markus Selzner, Eberhard Renner, Nazia Selzner, Ian D. McGilvray, Paul D. Greig, David R. Grant – 14 May 2016 – The selection of liver transplant candidates with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) relies mostly on tumor size and number. Instead of relying on these factors, we used poor tumor differentiation and cancer‐related symptoms to exclude patients likely to have advanced HCC with aggressive biology.

Michael H. Nathanson, Norah Terrault – 14 May 2016

Zhi Yi Wan, Johann Shane Tian, Hayden Weng Siong Tan, Ai Lee Chow, Arthur Yi Loong Sim, Kenneth Hon Kim Ban, Yun Chau Long – 14 May 2016 – Fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) is an important postprandial enterokine which regulates liver metabolism and hepatocyte proliferation. However, the precise mechanism by which FGF19 regulates these cellular effects is poorly understood. Given that mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) regulates numerous postprandial adaptations, we investigated the potential role of mTORC1 in FGF19 action.

Lee J. Hewett, Marques L. Bradshaw, Leonie L. Gordon, Don C. Rockey – 14 May 2016

Dan Li, Jing Fu, Min Du, Haibin Zhang, Lu Li, Jin Cen, Weiyun Li, Xiaotao Chen, Yunfei Lin, Edward M. Conway, Eli Pikarsky, Hongyan Wang, Guoyu Pan, Yuan Ji, Hong‐Yang Wang, Lijian Hui – 14 May 2016 – Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a cancer lacking effective therapies. Several measures have been proposed to treat HCCs, such as senescence induction, mitotic inhibition, and cell death promotion. However, data from other cancers suggest that single use of these approaches may not be effective.

Sandra Rebouissou, Andrea Franconi, Julien Calderaro, Eric Letouzé, Sandrine Imbeaud, Camilla Pilati, Jean‐Charles Nault, Gabrielle Couchy, Alexis Laurent, Charles Balabaud, Paulette Bioulac‐Sage, Jessica Zucman‐Rossi – 14 May 2016 – CTNNB1 mutations activating ß‐catenin are frequent somatic events in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and adenoma (HCA), particularly associated with a risk of malignant transformation. We aimed to understand the relationship between CTNNB1 mutation types, tumor phenotype, and level of ß‐catenin activation in malignant transformation.