Progressive accumulation of mutations in the hepatitis B virus genome and its impact on time to diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma

Feng‐Yu Sung, Chia‐Ying Lan, Chi‐Jung Huang, Chih‐Lin Lin, Chun‐Jen Liu, Pei‐Jer Chen, Shi‐Ming Lin, Ming‐Whei Yu – 26 May 2016 – To evaluate how hepatitis B virus (HBV) genetic variation affected progression from chronic carrier state to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), we analyzed HBV full‐length sequences in blood obtained <1‐20 years before diagnosis from 117 HCC cases and 118 controls nested in a cohort of 4,841 HBV carriers, for whom HBV genotypes B and C are predominant.

Adipocyte‐specific overexpression of retinol‐binding protein 4 causes hepatic steatosis in mice

Seung‐Ah Lee, Jason J. Yuen, Hongfeng Jiang, Barbara B. Kahn, William S. Blaner – 26 May 2016 – There is considerable evidence that both retinoids and retinol‐binding protein 4 (RBP4) contribute to the development of liver disease. To understand the basis for this, we generated and studied transgenic mice that express human RBP4 (hRBP4) specifically in adipocytes. When fed a chow diet, these mice show an elevation in adipose total RBP4 (mouse RBP4 + hRBP4) protein levels.

Combined hepatocellular‐cholangiocarcinoma in a patient with Abernethy malformation and tetralogy of Fallot: A case report

Sofie Happaerts, Amélie Foucault, Jean Sébastien Billiard, Bich Nguyen, Franck Vandenbroucke‐Menu – 26 May 2016 – Abernethy malformation is a rare congenital anomaly of the portal vein where the portal blood bypasses the liver. We report the first case of a patient with Abernethy malformation and tetralogy of Fallot associated with nodular regenerative hyperplasia and focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH), which finally evolved to a giant hepatocellular‐cholangiocarcinoma (HCC‐CC) of the liver, successfully resected. (Hepatology 2016;64:1800‐1802)

The role of hepatitis E virus infection in adult Americans with acute liver failure

Robert John Fontana, Ronald E. Engle, Steven Scaglione, Victor Araya, Obaid Shaikh, Holly Tillman, Nahid Attar, Robert H. Purcell, William M. Lee, for the US Acute Liver Failure Study Group – 23 May 2016 – Acute hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is a leading cause of acute liver failure (ALF) in many developing countries, yet rarely identified in Western countries. Given that antibody testing for HEV infection is not routinely obtained, we hypothesized that HEV‐related ALF might be present and unrecognized in North American ALF patients. Serum samples of 681 adults enrolled in the U.S.

Liver transplantation for children with acute liver failure associated with secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis

Achiya Z. Amir, Simon C. Ling, Ahmed Naqvi, Sheila Weitzman, Annie Fecteau, David Grant, Anand Ghanekar, Mark Cattral, Nadya Nalli, Ernest Cutz, Binita Kamath, Nicola Jones, Maria Angelis, Vicky Ng, Yaron Avitzur – 23 May 2016 – Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare life‐threatening systemic disease, characterized by overwhelming stimulation of the immune system and categorized as primary or secondary types. Occasionally, acute liver failure (ALF) may dominate the clinical presentation.

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