Human intrahepatic regulatory T cells are functional, require IL‐2 from effector cells for survival, and are susceptible to Fas ligand‐mediated apoptosis

Yung‐Yi Chen, Hannah C. Jeffery, Stuart Hunter, Ricky Bhogal, Jane Birtwistle, Manjit Kaur Braitch, Sheree Roberts, Mikaela Ming, Jack Hannah, Clare Thomas, Gupse Adali, Stefan G. Hübscher, Wing‐Kin Syn, Simon Afford, Patricia F. Lalor, David H. Adams, Ye H. Oo – 29 February 2016 – Regulatory T cells (Treg) suppress T effector cell proliferation and maintain immune homeostasis. Autoimmune liver diseases persist despite high frequencies of Treg in the liver, suggesting that the local hepatic microenvironment might affect Treg stability, survival, and function.

Intrahepatic bile ducts are developed through formation of homogeneous continuous luminal network and its dynamic rearrangement in mice

Naoki Tanimizu, Kota Kaneko, Tohru Itoh, Norihisa Ichinohe, Masayuki Ishii, Toru Mizuguchi, Koichi Hirata, Atsushi Miyajima, Toshihiro Mitaka – 29 February 2016 – The intrahepatic bile duct (IHBD) is a highly organized tubular structure consisting of cholangiocytes, biliary epithelial cells, which drains bile produced by hepatocytes into the duodenum. Although several models have been proposed, it remains unclear how the three‐dimensional (3D) IHBD network develops during liver organogenesis.

ATP11C targets basolateral bile salt transporter proteins in mouse central hepatocytes

Dirk R. de Waart, Jyoti Naik, Karina S. Utsunomiya, Suzanne Duijst, Kam Ho‐Mok, A. Ruth Bolier, Johan Hiralall, Laura N. Bull, Piter J. Bosma, Ronald P.J. Oude Elferink, Coen C. Paulusma – 29 February 2016 – ATP11C is a homolog of ATP8B1, both of which catalyze the transport of phospholipids in biological membranes. Mutations in ATP8B1 cause progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type1 in humans, which is characterized by a canalicular cholestasis. Mice deficient in ATP11C are characterized by a conjugated hyperbilirubinemia and an unconjugated hypercholanemia.

Effective but costly: How to tackle difficult trade‐offs in evaluating health improving technologies in liver diseases

Lorenzo Giovanni Mantovani, Paolo Angelo Cortesi, Mario Strazzabosco – 29 February 2016 – In the current context of rising health care costs and decreasing sustainability, it is becoming increasingly common to resort to decision analytical modeling and health economics evaluations. Decision analytic models are analytical tools that help decision makers to select the best choice between alternative health care interventions, taking into consideration the complexity of the disease, the socioeconomic context, and the relevant differences in outcomes.

Fibroblast growth factor 21 improves hepatic insulin sensitivity by inhibiting mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 in mice

Qi Gong, Zhimin Hu, Feifei Zhang, Aoyuan Cui, Xin Chen, Haoyang Jiang, Jing Gao, Xuqing Chen, Yamei Han, Qingning Liang, Dewei Ye, Lei Shi, Y. Eugene Chin, Yu Wang, Hui Xiao, Feifan Guo, Yong Liu, Mengwei Zang, Aimin Xu, Yu Li – 29 February 2016 – Among the 22 fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), FGF21 has now emerged as a key metabolic regulator. However, the mechanism whereby FGF21 mediates its metabolic actions per se remains largely unknown.

Subscribe to