MicroRNA‐122 regulates polyploidization in the murine liver

Shu‐hao Hsu, Evan R. Delgado, P. Anthony Otero, Kun‐yu Teng, Huban Kutay, Kolin M. Meehan, Justin B. Moroney, Jappmann K. Monga, Nicholas J. Hand, Joshua R. Friedman, Kalpana Ghoshal, Andrew W. Duncan – 26 March 2016 – A defining feature of the mammalian liver is polyploidy, a numerical change in the entire complement of chromosomes. The first step of polyploidization involves cell division with failed cytokinesis.

Assessing the therapeutic potential of lab‐made hepatocytes

Milad Rezvani, Andrew A. Grimm, Holger Willenbring – 25 March 2016 – Hepatocyte transplantation has potential as a bridge or even alternative to whole‐organ liver transplantation. Because donor livers are scarce, realizing this potential requires the development of alternative cell sources. To be therapeutically effective, surrogate hepatocytes must replicate the complex function and ability to proliferate of primary human hepatocytes.

Retracted: Immunoglobulin G4+ B‐cell receptor clones distinguish immunoglobulin G 4‐related disease from primary sclerosing cholangitis and biliary/pancreatic malignancies

Marieke E. Doorenspleet, Lowiek M. Hubers, Emma L. Culver, Lucas J. Maillette de Buy Wenniger, Paul L. Klarenbeek, Roger W. Chapman, Frank Baas, Stan F. van de Graaf, Joanne Verheij, Thomas M. van Gulik, Eleanor Barnes, Ulrich Beuers, Niek de Vries – 25 March 2016 – Immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)‐related disease (IgG4‐RD) of the biliary tree and pancreas is difficult to distinguish from sclerosing cholangitis and biliary/pancreatic malignancies (CA). An accurate noninvasive test for diagnosis and monitoring of disease activity is lacking.

Evidence that the adenosine triphosphate‐binding cassette G5/G8‐independent pathway plays a determinant role in cholesterol gallstone formation in mice

Helen H. Wang, Xiaodan Li, Shailendra B. Patel, David Q.‐H. Wang – 25 March 2016 – The adenosine triphosphate‐binding cassette (ABC) sterol transporter, Abcg5/g8, is Lith9 in mice, and two gallstone‐associated variants in ABCG5/G8 have been identified in humans. Although ABCG5/G8 plays a critical role in determining hepatic sterol secretion, cholesterol is still secreted to bile in sitosterolemic patients with a defect in either ABCG5 or ABCG8 and in either Abcg5/g8 double‐ or single‐knockout mice.

Metallothionein‐1G facilitates sorafenib resistance through inhibition of ferroptosis

Xiaofang Sun, Xiaohua Niu, Ruochan Chen, Wenyin He, De Chen, Rui Kang, Daolin Tang – 25 March 2016 – Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major cause of cancer‐related death worldwide and currently has the fastest rising incidence of all cancers. Sorafenib was originally identified as an inhibitor of multiple oncogenic kinases and remains the only approved systemic therapy for advanced HCC. However, acquired resistance to sorafenib has been found in HCC patients, which results in poor prognosis.

Retracted: Immunoglobulin G4+ B‐cell receptor clones distinguish immunoglobulin G 4‐related disease from primary sclerosing cholangitis and biliary/pancreatic malignancies

Marieke E. Doorenspleet, Lowiek M. Hubers, Emma L. Culver, Lucas J. Maillette de Buy Wenniger, Paul L. Klarenbeek, Roger W. Chapman, Frank Baas, Stan F. van de Graaf, Joanne Verheij, Thomas M. van Gulik, Eleanor Barnes, Ulrich Beuers, Niek de Vries – 25 March 2016 – Immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)‐related disease (IgG4‐RD) of the biliary tree and pancreas is difficult to distinguish from sclerosing cholangitis and biliary/pancreatic malignancies (CA). An accurate noninvasive test for diagnosis and monitoring of disease activity is lacking.

Hepatitis C Disease Burden in the United States in the era of oral direct‐acting antivirals

Jagpreet Chhatwal, Xiaojie Wang, Turgay Ayer, Mina Kabiri, Raymond T. Chung, Chin Hur, Julie M. Donohue, Mark S. Roberts, Fasiha Kanwal – 25 March 2016 – Oral direct‐acting antivirals (DAAs) represent a major advance in hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment. Along with recent updates in HCV screening policy and expansions in insurance coverage, treatment demand in the United States is changing rapidly. Our objective was to project the characteristics and number of people needing antiviral treatment and HCV‐associated disease burden in the era of oral DAAs.

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