Novel role of nuclear receptor rev‐erbα in hepatic stellate cell activation: Potential therapeutic target for liver injury

Ting Li, Ashley L. Eheim, Sabine Klein, Frank E. Uschner, Amber C. Smith, Elizabeth Brandon‐Warner, Sriparna Ghosh, Herbert L. Bonkovsky, Jonel Trebicka, Laura W. Schrum – 4 February 2014 – Hepatic stellate cell (HSC) transdifferentiation from a quiescent, adipocyte‐like cell to a highly secretory and contractile myofibroblast‐like phenotype contributes to negative pathological consequences, including fibrosis/cirrhosis with portal hypertension (PH). Antiadipogenic mechanisms have been shown to underlie activation of HSCs.

Incomplete hepatitis B immunization, maternal carrier status, and increased risk of liver diseases: A 20‐year cohort study of 3.8 million vaccinees

Yin‐Chu Chien, Chyi‐Feng Jan, Chun‐Ju Chiang, Hsu‐Sung Kuo, San‐Lin You, Chien‐Jen Chen – 4 February 2014 – Hepatitis B immunization has been documented to prevent fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by historical comparison studies in Taiwan. This study aimed to assess long‐term risks and predictors of various liver diseases associated with incomplete immunization in 3.8 million vaccinees.

Ring1B promotes hepatic stem/progenitor cell expansion through simultaneous suppression of Cdkn1a and Cdkn2a in mice

Hiroyuki Koike, Yasuharu Ueno, Takako Naito, Tomoya Shiina, Susumu Nakata, Rie Ouchi, Yuta Obana, Keisuke Sekine, Yun‐Wen Zheng, Takanori Takebe, Kyo‐ichi Isono, Haruhiko Koseki, Hideki Taniguchi – 4 February 2014 – Polycomb‐group (PcG) proteins play crucial roles in self‐renewal of stem cells by suppressing a host of genes through histone modifications. Identification of the downstream genes of PcG proteins is essential for elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of stem cell self‐renewal. However, little is known about the PcG target genes in tissue stem cells.

Plasmacytoid dendritic cell‐derived IFN‐α promotes murine liver ischemia/reperfusion injury by induction of hepatocyte IRF‐1

Antonino Castellaneta, Osamu Yoshida, Shoko Kimura, Shinichiro Yokota, David A. Geller, Noriko Murase, Angus W. Thomson – 3 February 2014 – Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) constitute the body's principal source of type I interferon (IFN) and are comparatively abundant in the liver. Among various cytokines implicated in liver ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury, type I IFNs have been described recently as playing an essential role in its pathogenesis.

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