First experience of high‐intensity focused ultrasound combined with transcatheter arterial embolization as local control for hepatoblastoma

Shan Wang, Chao Yang, Jun Zhang, Xiang‐ru Kong, Hui Zhu, Feng Wu, Zhibiao Wang – 28 June 2013 – The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of high‐intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) combined with transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) in treating pediatric hepatoblastoma. Twelve patients with initially unresectable hepatoblastoma were enrolled in the study. All patients received chemotherapy, TACE, and HIFU ablation. Follow‐up materials were obtained in all patients. The tumor response, survival rate, and complications were analyzed.

Cannabinoid receptor 2 counteracts interleukin‐17‐induced immune and fibrogenic responses in mouse liver

Adrien Guillot, Nabila Hamdaoui, Alexandra Bizy, Keve Zoltani, Rachid Souktani, Elie‐Serge Zafrani, Ariane Mallat, Sophie Lotersztajn, Fouad Lafdil – 28 June 2013 – Interleukin (IL)‐17 is a proinflammatory and fibrogenic cytokine mainly produced by T‐helper (Th)17 lymphocytes, together with the hepatoprotective and antifibrogenic cytokine, IL‐22. Cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2) is predominantly expressed in immune cells and displays anti‐inflammatory and antifibrogenic effects.

CD39 expression by hepatic myeloid dendritic cells attenuates inflammation in liver transplant ischemia‐reperfusion injury in mice

Osamu Yoshida, Shoko Kimura, Edwin K. Jackson, Simon C. Robson, David A. Geller, Noriko Murase, Angus W. Thomson – 28 June 2013 – Hepatic innate immune cells, in particular, interstitial dendritic cells (DCs), regulate inflammatory responses and may promote inherent liver tolerogenicity. After tissue injury, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is released and acts as a damage‐associated molecular pattern that activates innate immune cells by pattern recognition receptors. CD39 (ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase‐1) rapidly hydrolyzes extracellular ATP to maintain physiological levels.

High‐fat and high‐sucrose (western) diet induces steatohepatitis that is dependent on fructokinase

Takuji Ishimoto, Miguel A. Lanaspa, Christopher J. Rivard, Carlos A. Roncal‐Jimenez, David J. Orlicky, Christina Cicerchi, Rachel H. McMahan, Manal F. Abdelmalek, Hugo R. Rosen, Matthew R. Jackman, Paul S. MacLean, Christine P. Diggle, Aruna Asipu, Shinichiro Inaba, Tomoki Kosugi, Waichi Sato, Shoichi Maruyama, Laura G. Sánchez‐Lozada, Yuri Y. Sautin, James O. Hill, David T. Bonthron, Richard J. Johnson – 28 June 2013 – Fructose intake from added sugars has been implicated as a cause of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

Hepatic loss of survivin impairs postnatal liver development and promotes expansion of hepatic progenitor cells in mice

Dan Li, Jin Cen, Xiaotao Chen, Edward M. Conway, Yuan Ji, Lijian Hui – 28 June 2013 – Hepatocytes possess a remarkable capacity to regenerate and reconstitute the parenchyma after liver damage. However, in the case of chronic injury, their proliferative potential is impaired and hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs) are activated, resulting in a ductular reaction known as oval cell response. Proapoptotic and survival signals maintain a precise balance to spare hepatocytes and progenitors from hyperplasia and cell death during regeneration.

Transfusion of older red blood cells is associated with decreased graft survival after orthotopic liver transplantation

Jacek B. Cywinski, Jing You, Maged Argalious, Samuel Irefin, Brian M. Parker, John J. Fung, Colleen G. Koch – 27 June 2013 – Investigations have demonstrated conflicting results regarding the influence of the red blood cell (RBC) storage duration on outcomes. We evaluated whether graft failure or mortality after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) increased when recipients were transfused with older RBCs. This study included 637 patients who underwent OLT between January 2001 and June 2011.

Liver transplantation with a strongly positive crossmatch: Case study and literature review

Garrett R. Leonard, Hiroko Shike, Tadahiro Uemura, Justine L. Gaspari, Francesca M. Ruggiero, Riaz A. Shah, Thomas R. Riley, Zakiyah Kadry – 24 June 2013 – A positive crossmatch has been associated with increased risk in liver transplantation. To study the clinical significance of preformed donor‐specific human leukocyte antigen antibodies (DSAs) in liver transplantation, we reviewed patients who underwent liver transplantation with a strongly positive flow cytometry crossmatch. DSAs were evaluated with a Luminex solid phase assay.

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