CD40 inhibits replication of hepatitis C virus in primary human hepatocytes by c‐jun N terminal kinase activation independent from the interferon pathway

Sibylle J. Rau, Eberhard Hildt, Kiyoshi Himmelsbach, Robert Thimme, Takaji Wakita, Hubert E. Blum, Richard Fischer – 19 July 2012 – CD40, a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor family, and its ligand, CD40L (CD154), are important regulators of the antiviral immune response. CD40L is up‐regulated on lymphocytes and CD40 on hepatocytes during infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV); we investigated the role of CD40 signaling during HCV replication in hepatocytes.

Decrease of microRNA‐122 causes hepatic insulin resistance by inducing protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B, which is reversed by licorice flavonoid

Yoon Mee Yang, So Yeon Seo, Tae Hyun Kim, Sang Geon Kim – 17 July 2012 – Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibits hepatic insulin signaling by dephosphorylating tyrosine residues in insulin receptor (IR) and insulin receptor substrate (IRS). MicroRNAs may modulate metabolic functions. In view of the lack of understanding of the regulatory mechanism of PTP1B and its chemical inhibitors, this study investigated whether dysregulation of specific microRNA causes PTP1B‐mediated hepatic insulin resistance, and if so, what the underlying basis is.

Deficiency of carboxylesterase 1/esterase‐x results in obesity, hepatic steatosis, and hyperlipidemia

Ariel D. Quiroga, Lena Li, Martin Trötzmüller, Randy Nelson, Spencer D. Proctor, Harald Köfeler, Richard Lehner – 16 July 2012 – Increased lipogenesis, together with hyperlipidemia and increased fat deposition, contribute to obesity and associated metabolic disorders including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Here we show that carboxylesterase 1/esterase‐x (Ces1/Es‐x) plays a regulatory role in hepatic fat metabolism in the mouse.

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