The Australia antigen and role of the late Philadelphia general hospital in reducing post‐transfusion hepatitis and sequelae

John R. Senior, W. Thomas London, Alton I. Sutnick – 1 August 2011 – Baruch Blumberg, who received the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for his discovery of the Australia antigen, died on April 5, 2011. Arguably, that discovery has been the most important advance in the field of Hepatology. It led to the virtual elimination of transfusion related hepatitis B in most parts of the world and was essential to the identification of hepatitis A, C, D and E viruses. Credit for this is due Dr. Blumberg and teams in Philadelphia and Tokyo. In lieu of an Associate Editor commentary, Drs.

Critical illness evokes elevated circulating bile acids related to altered hepatic transporter and nuclear receptor expression

Yoo‐Mee Vanwijngaerden, Joost Wauters, Lies Langouche, Sarah Vander Perre, Christopher Liddle, Sally Coulter, Sara Vanderborght, Tania Roskams, Alexander Wilmer, Greet Van den Berghe, Dieter Mesotten – 28 July 2011 – Hyperbilirubinemia is common during critical illness and is associated with adverse outcome. Whether hyperbilirubinemia reflects intensive care unit (ICU) cholestasis is unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze hyperbilirubinemia in conjunction with serum bile acids (BAs) and the key steps in BA synthesis, transport, and regulation by nuclear receptors (NRs).

The H4 histamine receptor agonist, clobenpropit, suppresses human cholangiocarcinoma progression by disruption of epithelial mesenchymal transition and tumor metastasis

Fanyin Meng, Yuyan Han, Dustin Staloch, Taylor Francis, Allison Stokes, Heather Francis – 25 July 2011 – Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a biliary cancer arising from damaged bile ducts. Epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) occurs as epithelial cells begin to resemble mesenchymal cells leading to increased invasion potential as the extracellular matrix (ECM) degrades. Histamine exerts its effects by way of four receptors (H1‐H4 HRs). Clobenpropit, a potent H4HR agonist, inhibits mammary adenocarcinoma growth.

Hepatocytes internalize trophic receptors at large endocytic “Hot Spots”

Hong Cao, Eugene W. Krueger, Mark A. McNiven – 25 July 2011 – Clathrin‐mediated endocytosis in mammalian epithelial cells is believed to require the synergistic action of structural coat proteins and mechanochemical enzymes to deform and sever the plasma membrane (PM) into discreet vesicles. It is generally believed that the formation of clathrin‐coated pits in epithelial cells occurs randomly along the apical and basolateral plasma membranes.

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