Steve S. Choi, Shelton Bradrick, Guan Qiang, Anahita Mostafavi, Gaurav Chaturvedi, Steven A. Weinman, Anna Mae Diehl, Ravi Jhaveri – 25 July 2011 – Studies of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) life‐cycle rely heavily on Huh7.5 cells, but the reasons why these cells are exceptionally permissive for HCV replication are not clear. Based on recent clinical observations, we hypothesized that the Hedgehog (Hh) pathway, which has not been previously associated with HCV replication, may be involved in the Huh7.5 phenotype of increased permissiveness.

Frank A. Schildberg, Christian Kurts, Percy A. Knolle – 25 July 2011

Nataliya Razumilava, Gregory J. Gores, Keith D. Lindor – 25 July 2011 – Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic fibroinflammatory syndrome involving the biliary tract, often accompanied by inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This syndrome is a prototype disease linking chronic inflammation to carcinogenesis. Indeed, PSC is associated with an increased risk of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), gallbladder cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and colorectal cancer.

Hui‐Young Lee, Andreas L. Birkenfeld, Francois R. Jornayvaz, Michael J. Jurczak, Shoichi Kanda, Violeta Popov, David W. Frederick, Dongyan Zhang, Blas Guigni, Kalyani G. Bharadwaj, Cheol Soo Choi, Ira J. Goldberg, Jae‐Hak Park, Kitt F. Petersen, Varman T. Samuel, Gerald I. Shulman – 25 July 2011 – Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and insulin resistance have recently been found to be associated with increased plasma concentrations of apolipoprotein CIII (APOC3) in humans carrying single nucleotide polymorphisms within the insulin response element of the APOC3 gene.

Hong Cao, Eugene W. Krueger, Mark A. McNiven – 25 July 2011 – Clathrin‐mediated endocytosis in mammalian epithelial cells is believed to require the synergistic action of structural coat proteins and mechanochemical enzymes to deform and sever the plasma membrane (PM) into discreet vesicles. It is generally believed that the formation of clathrin‐coated pits in epithelial cells occurs randomly along the apical and basolateral plasma membranes.

Ronnie T.P. Poon – 25 July 2011

Fanyin Meng, Yuyan Han, Dustin Staloch, Taylor Francis, Allison Stokes, Heather Francis – 25 July 2011 – Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a biliary cancer arising from damaged bile ducts. Epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) occurs as epithelial cells begin to resemble mesenchymal cells leading to increased invasion potential as the extracellular matrix (ECM) degrades. Histamine exerts its effects by way of four receptors (H1‐H4 HRs). Clobenpropit, a potent H4HR agonist, inhibits mammary adenocarcinoma growth.

Rohan Manohar, Junji Komori, Lynda Guzik, Donna B. Stolz, Uma R. Chandran, William A. LaFramboise, Eric Lagasse – 25 July 2011 – The identification of resident stem cells in the mouse gallbladder is, to date, unexplored. In addition, the relationship between adult gallbladder stem cells and intrahepatic bile duct (IHBD) cells is not well understood. The aim of this study was to isolate stem cells from an adult mouse gallbladder and determine whether they were unique, compared to IHBD cells.

Fredrik Åberg, Suvi Mäklin, Pirjo Räsänen, Risto P. Roine, Harri Sintonen, Anna‐Maria Koivusalo, Krister Höckerstedt, Helena Isoniemi – 18 July 2011 – Cost issues in liver transplantation (LT) have received increasing attention, but the cost‐utility is rarely calculated. We compared costs per quality‐adjusted life year (QALY) from the time of placement on the LT waiting list to 1 year after transplantation for 252 LT patients and to 5 years after transplantation for 81 patients.

Giovanni Vizzini, Monica Asaro, Roberto Miraglia, Salvatore Gruttadauria, Daniela Filì, Adele D'Antoni, Ioannis Petridis, Gianluca Marrone, Duilio Pagano, Bruno Gridelli – 18 July 2011 – Central nervous system (CNS) complications are common after liver transplantation (LT). According to the literature, the most common causes are infections and the neurotoxicity of immunosuppressive drugs (cyclosporine and tacrolimus).