Liang Li, Lei Chen, Liang Hu, Yuan Liu, Han‐Yong Sun, Jing Tang, Yu‐Jie Hou, Yan‐Xin Chang, Qian‐Qian Tu, Gen‐Sheng Feng, Feng Shen, Meng‐Chao Wu, Hong‐Yang Wang – 11 July 2011 – One of the challenges surrounding nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is to discover the mechanisms that underlie the initiation of it. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the effects of Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling in liver parenchymal cells during the early stage of NAFLD.

Jay A. Fishman – 11 July 2011 – Key Points

Anna Baghdasaryan, Thierry Claudel, Judith Gumhold, Dagmar Silbert, Luciano Adorini, Aldo Roda, Stefania Vecchiotti, Frank J. Gonzalez, Kristina Schoonjans, Mario Strazzabosco, Peter Fickert, Michael Trauner – 11 July 2011 – Chronic cholangiopathies have limited therapeutic options and represent an important indication for liver transplantation. The nuclear farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and the membrane G protein‐coupled receptor, TGR5, regulate bile acid (BA) homeostasis and inflammation.

Philip J. Starkey Lewis, James Dear, Vivien Platt, Kenneth J. Simpson, Darren G.N. Craig, Daniel J. Antoine, Neil S. French, Neeraj Dhaun, David J. Webb, Eithne M. Costello, John P. Neoptolemos, Jonathan Moggs, Chris E. Goldring, B. Kevin Park – 11 July 2011 – New biomarkers of liver injury are required in the clinic and in preclinical pharmaceutical evaluation. Previous studies demonstrate that two liver‐enriched microRNAs (miR‐122 and miR‐192) are promising biomarkers of acetaminophen‐induced acute liver injury (APAP‐ALI) in mice.

Mary E. Rinella, M. Shaddab Siddiqui, Konstantina Gardikiotes, Jeanne Gottstein, Marc Elias, Richard M. Green – 11 July 2011 – In humans with nonalcoholic fatty liver, diabetes is associated with more advanced disease. We have previously shown that diabetic db/db mice are highly susceptible to methionine choline‐deficient diet (MCD)‐induced hepatic injury.

Ya‐Li Jia, Lei Shi, Jun‐Nian Zhou, Chun‐Jiang Fu, Lin Chen, Hong‐Feng Yuan, Yun‐Fang Wang, Xin‐Long Yan, Ying‐Chen Xu, Quan Zeng, Wen Yue, Xue‐Tao Pei – 11 July 2011 – The high incidence rate of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is mainly the result of frequent metastasis and tumor recurrence. Unfortunately, the underlying molecular mechanisms driving HCC metastasis are still not fully understood. It has been demonstrated that tumor stroma cells contribute to primary tumor growth and metastasis.

Y.‐F. Liaw, J.‐D. Jia, H.L.Y. Chan, K.H. Han, T. Tanwandee, W.L. Chuang, D.M. Tan, X.Y. Chen, E. Gane, T. Piratvisuth, L. Chen, Q. Xie, J.J.Y. Sung, C. Wat, C. Bernaards, Y. Cui, P. Marcellin – 11 July 2011 – As there is currently a lack of consensus on the most appropriate dose and duration of peginterferon alfa‐2a (PEG‐IFNα‐2a) therapy in hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)‐positive patients, the efficacy and safety of either 24 or 48 weeks' duration and 90 μg/week or 180 μg/week doses were compared.

Susana Casas, Laura Muñoz, Raquel Moure, Jose Castellote, Maria R. Guerra, Lucia Gonzalez, Ana Andreu, Antoni G. Rafecas, Fernando Alcaide, Miguel Santin – 11 July 2011 – The ability of interferon‐γ release assays (IGRAs) to detect latent tuberculosis (TB) infection before liver transplantation (LT) is not well established.

Li Jiang, Lunan Yan, Bo Li, Tianfu Wen, Jichun Zhao, Lisheng Jiang, Jiayin Yang, Mingqing Xu, Wentao Wang – 11 July 2011

Thomas‐Matthias Scherzer, Albert Friedrich Stättermayer, Michael Strasser, Hermann Laferl, Andreas Maieron, Rudolf Stauber, Christian Datz, Emina Dulic‐Lakovic, Petra Steindl‐Munda, Harald Hofer, Peter Ferenci – 11 July 2011 – The IL28B genotype is the most important pretreatment predictor of treatment outcome in patients with chronic hepatitis C.