Gender‐specific differences in adipose distribution and adipocytokines influence adolescent nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Oyekoya T. Ayonrinde, John K. Olynyk, Lawrence J. Beilin, Trevor A. Mori, Craig E. Pennell, Nicholas de Klerk, Wendy H. Oddy, Peter Shipman, Leon A. Adams – 6 December 2010 – Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a predominantly adult‐diagnosed disorder. Knowledge regarding the epidemiology, phenotype, and metabolic risk factors, during adolescence is limited.

Relationship between the interleukin‐28b gene polymorphism and the histological severity of hepatitis C virus–induced graft inflammation and the response to antiviral therapy after liver transplantation

Dennis Eurich, Sabine Boas‐Knoop, Martin Ruehl, Maria Schulz, Esperanza D. Carrillo, Thomas Berg, Ruth Neuhaus, Peter Neuhaus, Ulf Peter Neumann, Marcus Bahra – 6 December 2010 – Up to 30% of liver transplants will develop graft cirrhosis within 5 years after liver transplantation (LT) due to recurrent HCV‐infection forwarding accelerated graft damage. Genetic variants of cytokines involved in the immune response may contribute to the degree of graft inflammation, fibrosis progression, and antiviral therapy outcome.

Up‐regulation of the fibroblast growth factor 8 subfamily in human hepatocellular carcinoma for cell survival and neoangiogenesis

Christine Gauglhofer, Sandra Sagmeister, Waltraud Schrottmaier, Carina Fischer, Chantal Rodgarkia‐Dara, Thomas Mohr, Stefan Stättner, Christoph Bichler, Daniela Kandioler, Fritz Wrba, Rolf Schulte‐Hermann, Klaus Holzmann, Michael Grusch, Brigitte Marian, Walter Berger, Bettina Grasl‐Kraupp – 6 December 2010 – Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and their high‐affinity receptors [fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs)] contribute to autocrine and paracrine growth stimulation in several nonliver cancer entities.

Liver allograft antibody‐mediated rejection with demonstration of sinusoidal C4d staining and circulating donor‐specific antibodies

Tomasz Kozlowski, Tara Rubinas, Volker Nickeleit, John Woosley, John Schmitz, Dana Collins, Paul Hayashi, Anthony Passannante, Kenneth Andreoni – 3 December 2010 – The importance of antibody‐mediated rejection (AMR) in ABO‐compatible liver transplantation is controversial. Here we report a prospective series of liver recipients with a preoperative positive crossmatch. To establish the diagnosis of AMR in liver recipients, the criteria described for kidney allografts were adopted.

The model for end‐stage liver disease allocation system for liver transplantation saves lives, but increases morbidity and cost: a prospective outcome analysis

Philipp Dutkowski, Christian E. Oberkofler, Markus Béchir, Beat Müllhaupt, Andreas Geier, Dimitri A. Raptis, Pierre‐Alain Clavien – 3 December 2010 – We analyzed the first 100 patients who underwent liver transplantation by Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease (MELD) allocation, and compared the outcome of patients on the waiting list and after orthotopic liver transplantation with the last 100 patients who underwent transplantation prior to the introduction of the MELD system in July 2007.

CD28 expression by peripheral blood lymphocytes as a potential predictor of the development of de novo malignancies in long‐term survivors after liver transplantation

Emmanuel Boleslawski, Samia Ben Othman, Lynda Aoudjehane, Sandrine Chouzenoux, Olivier Scatton, Olivier Soubrane, Yvon Calmus, Nadira Delhem, Filomena Conti – 3 December 2010 – At present, no method is available for accurately monitoring the degree of immunosuppression induced by antirejection therapies. The aim of this study was to determine whether CD28 and CD38 expression by peripheral blood mononuclear cells could be useful in predicting the development of de novo malignancies after liver transplantation.

Release of cytokines and hemodynamic instability during the reperfusion of a liver graft

Dmitri Bezinover, Zakiyah Kadry, Paul McCullough, Patrick M. McQuillan, Todahiro Uemura, Kelli Welker, Andrea M. Mastro, Piotr K. Janicki – 3 December 2010 – The objectives of this prospective, observational study were (1) to determine whether a transplanted liver graft releases proinflammatory cytokines into the systemic circulation upon reperfusion and (2) to determine whether they contribute to any subsequent hemodynamic instability observed after graft reperfusion (if this release occurs).

Severe rhabdomyolysis due to rosuvastatin in a liver transplant subject with human immunodeficiency virus and immunosuppressive therapy–related dyslipidemia

Ana Moreno, Jesús Fortún, Javier Graus, Miguel A. Rodriguez‐Gandía, Carmen Quereda, María J. Pérez‐Elías, Javier Nuño, Philip Wikman, Santiago Moreno, Rafael Bárcena – 3 December 2010 – Statins are relatively safe first‐line agents to use in the setting of dyslipidemia associated with immunosuppressive therapy in subjects undergoing liver transplantation, and also in HIV‐infected patients with dyslipidemia due to antiretroviral drugs, especially ritonavir‐boosted protease inhibitors.

Pretransplant depression, antidepressant use, and outcomes of orthotopic liver transplantation

Shari S. Rogal, Douglas Landsittel, Owen Surman, Raymond T. Chung, Anna Rutherford – 3 December 2010 – Depression is a common problem among patients awaiting organ transplantation, but little is known about the impact of depression and its treatment on the outcomes of liver transplantation. In this retrospective cohort analysis, we studied all patients over 18 years of age who underwent liver transplantation during a 5‐year period (2004‐2008) at a single center. Among 179 recipients, 65 patients had depression, as defined by a health care provider assessment, before transplantation.

The interaction among donor characteristics, severity of liver disease, and the cost of liver transplantation

Paolo R. Salvalaggio, Nino Dzebisashvili, Kara E. MacLeod, Krista L. Lentine, Adrian Gheorghian, Mark A. Schnitzler, Samuel Hohmann, Dorry L. Segev, Sommer E. Gentry, David A. Axelrod – 3 December 2010 – Accurate assessment of the impact of donor quality on liver transplant (LT) costs has been limited by the lack of a large, multicenter study of detailed clinical and economic data.

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