Alberto Sánchez‐Fueyo, Antoni Rimola, Luis Grande, Josep Costa, Antoni Mas, Miguel Navasa, Isabel Cirera, Jose Maria Sánchez‐Tapias, Juan Rodés – 30 December 2003 – It is widely agreed that hepatitis B virus immunoglobulin (HBIG) should be administered for at least 12 months to patients transplanted for hepatitis B virus (HBV)‐related diseases to prevent HBV recurrence. No data are available, however, on how long this treatment should be used, and most centers currently administer HBIG on a life‐long basis.

David J. Brandhagen, William Alvarez, Terry M. Therneau, Kent E. Kruckeberg, Stephen N. Thibodeau, Jurgen Ludwig, Michael K. Porayko – 30 December 2003 – Previously, we found appreciable hepatic iron deposition in one third of our patients undergoing liver transplantation (LTx) with approximately 10% of cases having quantifiable iron in the range of that seen in hereditary hemochromatosis (HHC). The aim of this study was to compare clinical outcome in liver transplant patients with and without iron overload.

Luca Santucci, Stefano Fiorucci, Francesco Cammilleri, Giuseppe Servillo, Barbara Federici, Antonio Morelli – 30 December 2003 – Galectin‐1, an endogenous lectin with immunomodulatory activities, induces selective, Fas‐independent apoptosis of activated T cells. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect galectin‐1 exerts on concanavalin A (Con A)–induced hepatitis, a T‐cell–dependent model of liver injury.

Carlo Merkel, Renato Marin, David Sacerdoti, Carlo Donada, Giorgio Cavallarin, Pierluigi Torboli, Piero Amodio, Giuliana Sebastianelli, Massimo Bolognesi, Martina Felder, Cesare Mazzaro, Angelo Gatta – 30 December 2003 – It is clearly established that β‐blockers decrease the risk of a first variceal bleeding in cirrhosis. We have recently shown that the addition of isosorbide mononitrate to nadolol decreases the rate of variceal bleeding in patients with cirrhosis and varices, compared with nadolol alone, after a median follow‐up of 30 months.

Paolo Angeli, Wladimiro Jiménez, Rosalia Veggian, Silvano Fasolato, Roberta Volpin, Harald S. MacHenzie, Raffaella Craighero, Virna Dalla Libera, Antonietta Sticca, Vicente Arroyo, Angelo Gatta – 30 December 2003 – A possible defect of guanosine 3′‐5′‐cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) content in the renal tissue caused by an increased activity of cGMP phosphodiesterase (PDE) has, so far, not been evaluated in the pathogenesis of renal resistance to endogenous natriuretic peptides (ENP) in cirrhosis with ascites.

Patricia Greenwel, José‐Alfredo Domínguez‐Rosales, Gurjeet Mavi, A. M. Rivas‐Estilla, Marcos Rojkind – 30 December 2003 – Ethanol induces liver fibrosis by several means that include, among others, the direct fibrogenic actions of acetaldehyde and the induction of an oxidative stress response. However, the mechanisms responsible for these activities, and the possible connections between oxidative stress and acetaldehyde‐induced fibrosis are not well understood.

Andrea Galli, David Crabb, Donna Price, Elisabetta Ceni, Renata Salzano, Calogero Surrenti, Alessandro Casini – 30 December 2003 – During liver injury, hepatic stellate cells (HSC) acquire a myofibroblast‐like phenotype associated with reduction of lipid droplets, increased collagen synthesis, and proliferation. Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ (PPARγ) regulates adipocyte differentiation and controls gene transcription in response to various activators including prostanoids and antidiabetic thiazolidinediones.

Chise Tateno, Kaori Takai‐Kajihara, Chihiro Yamasaki, Hajime Sato, Katsutoshi Yoshizato – 30 December 2003 – Nearly pure populations of small hepatocytes (SHs), parenchymal hepatocytes (PHs), and nonparenchymal cells (NPCs) were prepared from the adult rat, and cocultures of hepatocytes and NPCs were reconstituted from them first to obtain the direct evidence that NPCs promote the growth of hepatocytes and second to compare the growth potential between SHs and PHs.

Sandra Reynoso‐Paz, Patrick S.C. Leung, Judy Van de Water, Atsushi Tanaka, Santiago Munoz, Nathan Bass, Keith Lindor, Paul J. Donald, Ross L. Coppel, Aftab A. Ansari, M. Eric Gershwin – 30 December 2003 – Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is often considered to be a dry gland disease caused by frequent involvement of salivary and lacrimal glands. Although high titers of antimitochondrial autoantibodies (AMA) have long been recognized in PBC, little is known about the presence of mitochondrial autoantigens in mucosal compartments such as saliva.

Franco Trevisani, Giuseppe Sica, Paola Mainquà, Giuseppina Santese, Stefania De Notariis, Paolo Caraceni, Marco Domenicali, Fabio Zacà, Gian Luca Grazi, Alighieri Mazziotti, Antonino Cavallari, Mauro Bernardi – 30 December 2003 – Patients with advanced cirrhosis frequently show hemodynamic abnormalities. Autonomic dysfunction (AD) is also common and, owing to the importance of autonomic function in cardiovascular homeostasis, it may be involved in the pathogenesis of the hyperdynamic circulation.