A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial of ursodeoxycholic acid in primary biliary cirrhosis

Burton Combes, Robert L. Carithers, Willis C. Maddrey, Danyu Lin, Mary F. McDonald, Donald E. Wheeler, Edwin H. Eigenbrodt, Santiago J. Muñoz, Raphael Rubin, Guadalupe Garcia‐Tsao, Gregory F. Bonner, Alexander B. West, James L. Boyer, Velimir A. Luketic, Mitchell L. Shiffman, A. Scott Mills, Marion G. Peters, Heather M. White, Rowen K. Zetterman, Stephen S. Rossi, Alan F. Hofmann, Rodney S. Markin – 1 September 1995 – One hundred fifty‐one patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) grouped into four strata based on entry serum bilirubin (<2 mg/dL vs.

N‐ethyl‐tauroursodeoxycholic acid, a novel deconjugation‐resistant bile salt analogue: Effects of acute feeding in the rat

Mario Angelico, Andrea Mangiameli, Alessandra Nistri, Leonardo Baiocchi, Mara Sofia, Mario Maina, Mario Di Martino, Adriano Blasi – 1 September 1995 – The purpose of this study was to investigate the physicochemical/biological properties and the effects of acute administration of N‐ethyl‐tauroursodeoxycholic acid in bile‐fistula rats. In vitro determination of high‐performance liquid chromatography mobility, octanol/water partitioning, cholesterol solubilizing capacity, and sensitivity to enzyme deconjugation by bacteria and cholylglycine‐hydroxylase were performed.

Coexpression of liver‐specific and growth‐induced genes in perinatal and regenerating liver: Attainment and maintenance of the differentiated state during rapid proliferation

Barbara Haber, Leyla Naji, Drew Chessman, Rebecca Taub – 1 September 1995 – The liver shows maximal cellular growth during fetal development and after partial hepatectomy. Exploring overlaps in gene expression patterns in these two types of hepatic growth may provide insight into common regulatory pathways. The expression of a large number of growth‐induced and liver‐specific genes induced in liver regeneration has been examined in the perinatal liver from several days prenatal to 4 weeks postnatal when the major growth phase of the liver ceases.

Excretion of F2‐isoprostanes in bile: A novel index of hepatic lipid peroxidation

Joseph A. Awad, Jason D. Morrow – 1 September 1995 – Lipid peroxidation is believed to be an important mechanism of liver injury caused by some xenobiotics. However, it has been difficult to demonstrate and quantify this process in vivo. Moreover, little is known about the disposition of lipids oxidized in the liver. F2‐isoprostanes are prostanoids produced by nonenzymatic free radical‐catalyzed peroxidation of arachidonic acid esterified to phospholipids. Hydrolysis of F2‐isoprostanes from phospholipids by phospholipases yields free F2‐isoprostanes.

Mucin‐vesicle interactions in model bile: Evidence for vesicle aggregation and fusion before cholesterol crystal formation

Nezam H. Afdhal, Niu Niu, David P. Nunes, Rama Bansil, Xing Xiang Cao, Donald Gantz, Donald M. Small, Gwynneth D. Offner – 1 September 1995 – Nucleation of cholesterol monohydrate crystals from bile is a critical step in the formation of cholesterol gallstones. Measurement of nucleation in model bile systems and the characteristics of the initial nucleus have proven elusive.

Diclofenac‐associated hepatotoxicity: Analysis of 180 cases reported to the food and drug administration as adverse reactions

Alpha T. Banks, Hyman J. Zimmerman, Kamal G. Ishak, John G. Harter – 1 September 1995 – Diclofenac is a nonsteroidal anti–inflammatory drug approved in the United States in 1988 for the treatment of patients with osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, or ankylosing spondylitis.

Downregulation of phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate–induced tumor necrosis factor–alpha and interleukin‐1β production and gene expression in human monocytic cells by human alpha‐fetoprotein

Wei Wang, Elliot Alpert – 1 September 1995 – We previously identified a specific receptor for alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP) on human monocytes. Although AFP alters many immune cell functions, the effect of AFP on monocyte cytokine production is unknown. Because tumor necrosis factor–alpha (TNF‐α) and interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) are important cytokines in immunoregulation, we investigated whether AFP could modulate TNF‐α and IL‐1β production in U937, a human monocytic cell line.

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