Computer simulation of portal venous shunting and other isolated hepatobiliary defects of the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids using a physiological pharmacokinetic model

Cesare Cravetto, Gianpaolo Molino, Alan F. Hofmann, Gustavo Belforte, Basilio Bona – 1 July 1988 – The effect of three isolated defects in the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids on the size and distribution of the bile acid pool, plasma bile acid levels and bile acid secretion into the intestine was simulated using a linear multicompartmental physiological pharmacokinetic model previously used to simulate these aspects of bile acid metabolism in healthy man.

The emergence of biliary sludge, a new clinical entity

R. Thomas Holzbach – 1 July 1988 – Biliary sludge is a collection of mucus, calcium bilirubinate, and cholesterol crystals that is usually recognized by characteristic echoes on ultrasonography. Its pathogenesis, clinical significance, and ultimate prognosis remain uncertain. We therefore studied the origin of biliary sludge ultrasonic echoes, using an ex vivo liver‐gallbladder preparation, and determined the outcome of a group of patients identified to have gallbladder sludge by ultrasonography.

Hepatotoxic bile acids increase cytosolic Ca++ activity of isolated rat hepatocytes

M. Sawkat Anwer, Larry R. Engelking, Kathleen Nolan, Dianne Sullivan, Peter Zimniak, Roger Lester – 1 July 1988 – Effects of bile acids on cystolic Ca++ activity and cell viability of isolated rat hepatocytes were studied to test the hypothesis that bile acids may produce hepatotoxicity by increasing cystolic Ca++ activity. Changes in cystolic Ca++ activity were calculated from time‐dependent changes in fluorescence of quin‐2 loaded hepatocytes. Release of lactate dehydrogenase and changes in propodium iodide fluorescence were used to assess cell viability.

Alterations of hepatic enzyme levels and of the acinar distribution of glutamine synthetase in response to experimental liver injury in the rat

Rolf Gebhardt, Hans‐Jörg Burger, Hans Heini, Karl‐Ludwig Schreiber, Dieter Mecke – 1 July 1988 – Glutamine synthetase shows a striking heterogeneous distribution in normal rat liver as consistently revealed by immunohistochemistry using a specific antiserum against the rat liver enzyme or a cross‐reacting antiserum. The effects of zonal liver injury induced by allylformate or CC14 on this distribution and on the activity of glutamine synthetase as well as of enzymes with different acinar distribution were investigated.

The epidemiology of gallstone disease in Rome, Italy. Part I. Prevalence data in men

The Rome Group for Epidemiology and Prevention of Cholelithiasis (GREPCO) – 1 July 1988 – A population of male civil servants in Rome, Italy, was investigated to determine the prevalence of symptomatic and asymptomatic gallstone disease. Field activities started in December, 1982 and were concluded in July, 1984. Diagnosis was made using real‐time ultrasonography. Participation in the study was 71.5%.

In Vitro Hepatitis B virus suppression of erythropoiesis is dependent on the multiplicity of infection and is reversible with anti‐HBs antibodies

Jerome B. Zeldis, Francis A. Farraye, Howard N. Steinberg – 1 July 1988 – Exposure of human bone marrow mononuclear cells to hepatitis B virus results in the suppression of the in vitro growth of several hematopoietic progenitor cells. We studied the degree of inhibition of erythroid progenitor cells that results as a function of the time of exposure of mononuclear cells to hepatitis B virus and the ratio of virus to mononuclear cells, the multiplicity of infection.

Correlation of hepatocyte HBsAg expression with virus replication and liver pathology

Hey‐Chi Hsu, Ming‐Yang Lai, Ih‐Jen Su, Ding‐Shinn Chen, Mei‐Hwei Chang, Pei‐Ming Yang, Chieng‐Yen Wu, Hong‐Chung Hsieh – 1 July 1988 – To elucidate the biologic significance of hepatocyte HBsAg, its expression patterns were correlated with virus replication and liver pathology in 578 liver biopsies taken from chronic HBsAg carriers aged 1 to 80 years. Five major patterns of hepatocyte HBsAg were identified: homogeneous [intense and discrete, (Pattern A), faint and discrete, (Pattern B) and faint and grouped (Pattern C)]; globular or spotty (Pattern D), and marginal (Pattern E).

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