Paul S. Russell – 1 January 1984 – Immunological considerations of special interest in liver transplantation are examined. It is concluded that liver transplants between human beings generate typical rejection reactions although they may, overall, be somewhat more mild than those encountered in transplanted kidneys and hearts. This is the case in some animals for reasons which are not yet clear. There is evidence that the transplanted liver can suffer immune attack better than other organs. Whether graft‐vs.–host activity is of clinical importance is uncertain.

Thomas E. Starzl, Shunzaburo Iwatsuki, Byers W. Shaw, David H. Van Thiel, J.Carlton Gartner, Basil J. Zitelli, J. Jeffrey Malatack, Robert R. Schade – 1 January 1984

Daniel Alagille – 1 January 1984 – Extrahepatic biliary atresia is defined as partial or total absence of permeable bile duct between porta hepatis and the duodenum. The incidence varies from 1:8,000 to 1:10,000. Cholestasis is total and permanent. 131I Rose Bengal test and needle liver biopsy allow correct identification of 95% of cases before surgery Before the surgical procedure described by Kasai in 1959, all patients died between 1 and 2 years of age. Through the use of different types of Kasai's procedures by experienced groups, 30 to 35% of patients are successfully operated on.

Rudi Schmid – 1 January 1984

1 January 1984

Ruud A. F. Krom, Chris H. Gips – 1 January 1984 – Trained specialists in hepatology, liver and biliary surgery, anesthesiology and pathology must form the core of a team for liver transplantation. The hospital must be a center for organ transplantation to provide the essential infrastructure to manage specific aspects of transplantation. A well‐organized blood bank is essential to cope with acute requests for large amounts of donor blood.

E. Rolland Dickson, Nicholas F. Larusso, Russell H. Wiesner – 1 January 1984

Sheila Sherlock – 1 January 1984 – Chronic hepatitis is defined as diffuse chronic liver disease existing for at least 6 months. Cirrhosis is a sequel. It is of multiple etiology. Liver biopsy is essential for diagnosis and prognosis. Hepatitis B‐related chronic hepatitis is slowly progressive. Corticosteroid therapy is disappointing. Current antiviral therapy converts the hepatitis B e antigen‐positive patient to anti‐HBe in about 50%. Non‐A, non‐B virus hepatitis‐related chronic hepatitis suffers from lack of a diagnostic marker. No current therapy is of proven benefit.

Janna C. Collins, Richard J. Stockert, Anatol G. Morell – 1 January 1984 – Hepatic asialoglycoprotein receptor activity of pregnant mice increased from the tenth day of gestation, reaching 3‐fold the normal adult level just prior to parturition and returning to normal within 1 week postpartum. Increases in activity involved both intracellular and cell‐surface associated receptors and were associated with enhanced endocytosis of asialoorosomucoid by isolated hepatocytes.

Martin F. Graham, Anthony S. Tavill, Thomas C. Halpin, Loizos N. Louis – 1 January 1984 – To identify a role for amino acids in cholestasis associated with total parenteral nutrition, we measured bile formation by the isolated perfused rat liver in the presence and absence of added amino acids. All livers were infused,constantly with sodium [14C]taurocholate (0.28 μmoles per min) for 90 min. At 40 min, a primed‐constant infusion of a synthetic L‐amino acid mixture (121 + 19.3 μmoles of N per min) was administered for an additional 50 min.