Hepatic NF‐κB‐Inducing Kinase and Inhibitor of NF‐κB Kinase Subunit α Promote Liver Oxidative Stress, Ferroptosis, and Liver Injury

Xiao Zhong, Zhiguo Zhang, Hong Shen, Yi Xiong, Yatrik M. Shah, Yong Liu, Xue‐Gong Fan, Liangyou Rui – 30 June 2021 – Drug‐induced hepatotoxicity limits development of new effective medications. Drugs and numerous endogenous/exogenous agents are metabolized/detoxified by hepatocytes, during which reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated as a by‐product. ROS has broad adverse effects on liver function and integrity, including damaging hepatocyte proteins, lipids, and DNA and promoting liver inflammation and fibrosis. ROS in concert with iron overload drives ferroptosis.

Meta‐analysis and Consolidation of Farnesoid X Receptor Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Sequencing Data Across Different Species and Conditions

Emilian Jungwirth, Katrin Panzitt, Hanns‐Ulrich Marschall, Gerhard G. Thallinger, Martin Wagner – 30 June 2021 – Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a nuclear receptor that controls gene regulation of different metabolic pathways and represents an upcoming drug target for various liver diseases. Several data sets on genome‐wide FXR binding in different species and conditions exist. We have previously reported that these data sets are heterogeneous and do not cover the full spectrum of potential FXR binding sites.

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Prevalence Trends Among Adolescents and Young Adults in the United States, 2007‐2016

Tamoore Arshad, James M. Paik, Rakesh Biswas, Saleh A. Alqahtani, Linda Henry, Zobair M. Younossi – 30 June 2021 – Understanding the burden of NAFLD among adolescents and young adults has become increasingly relevant. Our aim was to estimate the prevalence of NAFLD among adolescents and young adults in the United States. Data were obtained from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2007‐2016. Adolescents and young adults aged 12 to 29 years were included. NAFLD was determined by the U.S.

Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4 alpha 2 Messenger RNA Reprograms Liver‐Enriched Transcription Factors and Functional Proteins in End‐Stage Cirrhotic Human Hepatocytes

Edgar N. Tafaleng, Amitava Mukherjee, Aaron Bell, Kazutoyo Morita, Jorge Guzman‐Lepe, Nils Haep, Rodrigo M. Florentino, Ricardo Diaz‐Aragon, Carla Frau, Alina Ostrowska, Joshua R. Schultz, Paolo G. V. Martini, Alejandro Soto‐Gutierrez, Ira J. Fox – 30 June 2021 – The only definitive therapy for end‐stage liver disease is whole‐organ transplantation. The success of this intervention is severely limited by the complexity of the surgery, the cost of patient care, the need for long‐term immunosuppression, and the shortage of donor organs.

Enhancing Linkage to Hepatitis C Virus Treatment Following Pregnancy in Women Identified During Perinatal Care

Rachel L. Epstein, Carole Moloney, Jacob Garfinkel, Kelley Saia, Elisha M. Wachman, Sara Lodi, Stephen I. Pelton – 30 June 2021 – Amid the current US opioid crisis, hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection rates continue to rise in young adults, including among pregnant women, yet few studies describe linkage to care and treatment in pregnant or postpartum women with HCV infection.

Poor Awareness of Liver Disease Among Adults With NAFLD in the United States

Saleh A. Alqahtani, James M. Paik, Rakesh Biswas, Tamoore Arshad, Linda Henry, Zobair M. Younossi – 30 June 2021 – Population‐based studies that estimate awareness of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in the United States are scant. We aimed to understand public awareness of NAFLD and its temporal trends. Our study included 11,700 adults (18+ years old) from five National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (2007‐2016). NAFLD was determined by the improved Fatty Liver Index for the multiethnic U.S. population (US‐FLI) in the absence of secondary causes of liver disease.

Inhibition of Drug‐Induced Liver Injury in Mice Using a Positively Charged Peptide That Binds DNA

Pedro E. Marques, Sofie Vandendriessche, Thiago H.C. Oliveira, Helena Crijns, Mateus E. Lopes, Marfa Blanter, Sara Schuermans, Karen Yu, Fariba Poosti, Vincent Vanheule, Rik Janssens, Daiane Boff, Andreas J. Kungl, Gustavo B. Menezes, Mauro M. Teixeira, Paul Proost – 30 June 2021 – Hepatic cell death occurs in response to diverse stimuli such as chemical and physical damage. The exposure of intracellular contents such as DNA during necrosis induces a severe inflammatory response that has yet to be fully explored therapeutically.

Involvement of TIGIT in Natural Killer Cell Exhaustion and Immune Escape in Patients and Mouse Model With Liver Echinococcus multilocularis Infection

Chuanshan Zhang, Hui Wang, Jing Li, Xinling Hou, Linghui Li, Wei Wang, Yang Shi, Dewei Li, Liang Li, Zhibin Zhao, Liang Li, Tuerganaili Aji, Renyong Lin, Yingmei Shao, Dominique A. Vuitton, Zhigang Tian, Haoyu Sun, Hao Wen – 29 June 2021

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