Dual Roles of Mammalian Target of Rapamycin in Regulating Liver Injury and Tumorigenesis in Autophagy‐Defective Mouse Liver

Hong‐Min Ni, Xiaojuan Chao, Hua Yang, Fengyan Deng, Shaogui Wang, Qingyun Bai, Hui Qian, Yue Cui, Wei Cui, Yinghong Shi, Wei‐Xing Zong, Zhengtao Wang, Li Yang, Wen‐Xing Ding – 16 May 2019 – Autophagy is a lysosomal degradation pathway that degrades cytoplasmic proteins and organelles. Absence of autophagy in hepatocytes has been linked to promoting liver injury and tumorigenesis; however, the mechanisms behind why a lack of autophagy induces these complications are not fully understood.

Dysregulated Autophagy and Lysosome Function Are Linked to Exosome Production by Micro‐RNA 155 in Alcoholic Liver Disease

Mrigya Babuta, Istvan Furi, Shashi Bala, Terence N. Bukong, Patrick Lowe, Donna Catalano, Charles Calenda, Karen Kodys, Gyongyi Szabo – 15 May 2019 – Cellular homeostais, that is normally maintained through autophagy, is disrupted in alcoholic liver disease (ALD). Because autophagy and exosome biogenesis share common elements, we hypothesized that increased exosome production in ALD may be linked to disruption of autophagic function.

Phosphodiesterase 4 Inhibition as a Therapeutic Target for Alcoholic Liver Disease: From Bedside to Bench

Walter E. Rodriguez, Banrida Wahlang, Yali Wang, Jingwen Zhang, Manicka V. Vadhanam, Swati Joshi‐Barve, Philip Bauer, Robert Cannon, Ali Reza Ahmadi, Zhaoli Sun, Andrew Cameron, Shirish Barve, Claudio Maldonado, Craig McClain, Leila Gobejishvili – 13 May 2019 – Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a major cause of liver‐related mortality. There is still no US Food and Drug Administration–approved therapy for ALD, and therefore, identifying therapeutic targets is needed.

Hepatocyte Deletion of Triglyceride‐Synthesis Enzyme Acyl CoA: Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase 2 Reduces Steatosis Without Increasing Inflammation or Fibrosis in Mice

Nina L. Gluchowski, Katlyn R. Gabriel, Chandramohan Chitraju, Roderick T. Bronson, Niklas Mejhert, Sebastian Boland, Kun Wang, Zon Weng Lai, Robert V. Farese, Tobias C. Walther – 13 May 2019 – Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by excess lipid accumulation in hepatocytes and represents a huge public health problem owing to its propensity to progress to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, fibrosis, and liver failure. The lipids stored in hepatic steatosis (HS) are primarily triglycerides (TGs) synthesized by two acyl‐CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) enzymes.

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