Hepatitis E Virus Infections Among Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Positive Individuals During an Outbreak of Acute Hepatitis A in Taiwan

Kuan‐Yin Lin, Pi‐Han Lin, Hsin‐Yun Sun, Yi‐Ting Chen, Li‐Hsin Su, Yi‐Ching Su, Shu‐Yuan Ho, Wen‐Chun Liu, Sui‐Yuan Chang, Chien‐Ching Hung, Shan‐Chwen Chang – 17 May 2019 – Hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis E virus (HEV) share the similar fecal‐oral transmission route. During an outbreak of sexually transmitted acute hepatitis A among men who have sex with men (MSM) worldwide between 2015 and 2017, we investigated the possibility of sexual transmission and related morbidity of HEV infection among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐positive patients.

Tropifexor‐Mediated Abrogation of Steatohepatitis and Fibrosis Is Associated With the Antioxidative Gene Expression Profile in Rodents

Eloy D. Hernandez, Lianxing Zheng, Young Kim, Bin Fang, Bo Liu, Reginald A. Valdez, William F. Dietrich, Paul V. Rucker, Donatella Chianelli, James Schmeits, Dingjiu Bao, Jocelyn Zoll, Claire Dubois, Glenn C. Federe, Lihao Chen, Sean B. Joseph, Lloyd B. Klickstein, John Walker, Valentina Molteni, Peter McNamara, Shelly Meeusen, David C. Tully, Michael K. Badman, Jie Xu, Bryan Laffitte – 17 May 2019 – Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) agonism is emerging as an important potential therapeutic mechanism of action for multiple chronic liver diseases.

Prevention of Cholestatic Liver Disease and Reduced Tumorigenicity in a Murine Model of PFIC Type 3 Using Hybrid AAV‐piggyBac Gene Therapy

Susan M. Siew, Sharon C. Cunningham, Erhua Zhu, Szun S. Tay, Elena Venuti, Christine Bolitho, Ian E. Alexander – 17 May 2019 – Recombinant adeno‐associated viral (rAAV) vectors are highly promising vehicles for liver‐targeted gene transfer, with therapeutic efficacy demonstrated in preclinical models and clinical trials. Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 3 (PFIC3), an inherited juvenile‐onset, cholestatic liver disease caused by homozygous mutation of the ABCB4 gene, may be a promising candidate for rAAV‐mediated liver‐targeted gene therapy.

IL‐6 Trans‐signaling Controls Liver Regeneration After Partial Hepatectomy

Nastaran Fazel Modares, Robin Polz, Fereshteh Haghighi, Larissa Lamertz, Kristina Behnke, Yuan Zhuang, Claus Kordes, Dieter Häussinger, Ursula R. Sorg, Klaus Pfeffer, Doreen M. Floss, Jens M. Moll, Roland P. Piekorz, M. Reza Ahmadian, Philipp A. Lang, Jürgen Scheller – 17 May 2019 – Interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) is critically involved in liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy (PHX). Previous reports suggest that IL‐6 trans‐signaling through the soluble IL‐6/IL‐6R complex is involved in this process.

Dual Roles of Mammalian Target of Rapamycin in Regulating Liver Injury and Tumorigenesis in Autophagy‐Defective Mouse Liver

Hong‐Min Ni, Xiaojuan Chao, Hua Yang, Fengyan Deng, Shaogui Wang, Qingyun Bai, Hui Qian, Yue Cui, Wei Cui, Yinghong Shi, Wei‐Xing Zong, Zhengtao Wang, Li Yang, Wen‐Xing Ding – 16 May 2019 – Autophagy is a lysosomal degradation pathway that degrades cytoplasmic proteins and organelles. Absence of autophagy in hepatocytes has been linked to promoting liver injury and tumorigenesis; however, the mechanisms behind why a lack of autophagy induces these complications are not fully understood.

Dysregulated Autophagy and Lysosome Function Are Linked to Exosome Production by Micro‐RNA 155 in Alcoholic Liver Disease

Mrigya Babuta, Istvan Furi, Shashi Bala, Terence N. Bukong, Patrick Lowe, Donna Catalano, Charles Calenda, Karen Kodys, Gyongyi Szabo – 15 May 2019 – Cellular homeostais, that is normally maintained through autophagy, is disrupted in alcoholic liver disease (ALD). Because autophagy and exosome biogenesis share common elements, we hypothesized that increased exosome production in ALD may be linked to disruption of autophagic function.

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