Deficient IL‐6/Stat3 Signaling, High TLR7, and Type I Interferons in Early Human Alcoholic Liver Disease: A Triad for Liver Damage and Fibrosis

Peter Stärkel, Bernd Schnabl, Sophie Leclercq, Mina Komuta, Ramon Bataller, Josepmaria Argemi, Elena Palma, Shilpa Chokshi, Claus Hellerbrand, Luca Maccioni, Nicolas Lanthier, Isabelle Leclercq – 10 May 2019 – Mechanisms underlying alcohol‐induced liver injury and its progression still remain incompletely understood. Animal models can only address some aspects of the pathophysiology that requires studies directly in humans, which are scarce.

Deficient IL‐6/Stat3 Signaling, High TLR7, and Type I Interferons in Early Human Alcoholic Liver Disease: A Triad for Liver Damage and Fibrosis

Peter Stärkel, Bernd Schnabl, Sophie Leclercq, Mina Komuta, Ramon Bataller, Josepmaria Argemi, Elena Palma, Shilpa Chokshi, Claus Hellerbrand, Luca Maccioni, Nicolas Lanthier, Isabelle Leclercq – 10 May 2019 – Mechanisms underlying alcohol‐induced liver injury and its progression still remain incompletely understood. Animal models can only address some aspects of the pathophysiology that requires studies directly in humans, which are scarce.

LiverLearning®: 2019 Webinar: Management of NAFLD: Integrating Strategies from Obesity Medicine into Clinical Practice

NAFLD is an increasing public health crisis. Although there are no FDA approved medications for the treatment of NAFLD, it is well established that weight loss can improve the metabolic and histologic parameters associated with NAFLD. This webinar will identify key lifestyle changes, pharmacotherapy, and the role of bariatric surgery in obesity management in patients with NAFLD.

Proteasomal Degradation of Enhancer of Zeste Homologue 2 in Cholangiocytes Promotes Biliary Fibrosis

Nidhi Jalan‐Sakrikar, Thiago M. De Assuncao, Guang Shi, Sayed Obaidullah Aseem, Cheng Chi, Vijay H. Shah, Robert C. Huebert – 9 May 2019 – During biliary disease, cholangiocytes become activated by various pathological stimuli, including transforming growth factor β (TGF‐β). The result is an epigenetically regulated transcriptional program leading to a pro‐fibrogenic microenvironment, activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), and progression of biliary fibrosis.

Focal Adhesion Kinase and β‐Catenin Cooperate to Induce Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Na Shang, Hao Wang, Thomas Bank, Aldeb Perera, Cara Joyce, Gina Kuffel, Michael J. Zilliox, Scott J. Cotler, Xianzhong Ding, Asha Dhanarajan, Peter Breslin, Wei Qiu – 9 May 2019 – There is an urgent need to understand the molecular signaling pathways that drive or mediate the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The focal adhesion kinase (FAK) gene protein tyrosine kinase 2 is amplified in 16.4% of The Cancer Genome Atlas HCC specimens, and its amplification leads to increased FAK mRNA expression.

Exosomal Transport of Hepatocyte‐Derived Drug‐Modified Proteins to the Immune System

Monday O. Ogese, Rosalind E. Jenkins, Kareena Adair, Arun Tailor, Xiaoli Meng, Lee Faulkner, Bright O. Enyindah, Amy Schofield, Rafael Diaz‐Nieto, Lorenzo Ressel, Gina L. Eagle, Neil R. Kitteringham, Chris E. Goldring, B. Kevin Park, Dean J. Naisbitt, Catherine Betts – 9 May 2019 – Idiosyncratic drug‐induced liver injury (DILI) is a rare, often difficult‐to‐predict adverse reaction with complex pathomechanisms. However, it is now evident that certain forms of DILI are immune‐mediated and may involve the activation of drug‐specific T cells.

Unexpected Rapid Increase in the Burden of NAFLD in China From 2008 to 2018: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis

Feng Zhou, Jianghua Zhou, Wenxin Wang, Xiao‐Jing Zhang, Yan‐Xiao Ji, Peng Zhang, Zhi‐Gang She, Lihua Zhu, Jingjing Cai, Hongliang Li – 9 May 2019 – With rapid lifestyle transitions, the increasing burden of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in China has emerged as a major public health issue. To obtain a comprehensive overview of the status of NAFLD over the past decade, we evaluated the epidemiology, risk factors, complications, and management of NAFLD in China through a systematic review and meta‐analysis.

Interferon‐Induced Transmembrane Proteins Mediate Viral Evasion in Acute and Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection

Florian Wrensch, Gaëtan Ligat, Laura Heydmann, Catherine Schuster, Mirjam B. Zeisel, Patrick Pessaux, François Habersetzer, Barnabas J. King, Alexander W. Tarr, Jonathan K. Ball, Michael Winkler, Stefan Pöhlmann, Zhen‐yong Keck, Steven K.H. Foung, Thomas F. Baumert – 7 May 2019 – Although adaptive immune responses against hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection have been studied in great detail, the role of innate immunity in protection against HCV infection and immune evasion is only partially understood.

Dual‐Specificity Tyrosine Phosphorylation–Regulated Kinase 3 Loss Activates Purine Metabolism and Promotes Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression

Fei Ma, Yuekun Zhu, Xing Liu, Qingxin Zhou, Xuehui Hong, Chao Qu, Xing Feng, Yiyun Zhang, Qingbin Ding, Jiabao Zhao, Jingjing Hou, Mengya Zhong, Huiqin Zhuo, Lifeng Zhong, Zhijian Ye, Wen Xie, Yu Liu, Yubo Xiong, Hongwei Chen, Daxun Piao, Bei Sun, Zhi Gao, Qinghua Li, Zhen Zhang, Xingfeng Qiu, Zhiyong Zhang – 7 May 2019 – Cancer cells metabolize different energy sources to generate biomass rapidly. The purine biosynthetic pathway was recently identified as an important source of metabolic intermediates for these processes.

Hippo Signaling Controls NLR Family Pyrin Domain Containing 3 Activation and Governs Immunoregulation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Mouse Liver Injury

Changyong Li, Yuting Jin, Song Wei, Yishuang Sun, Longfeng Jiang, Qiang Zhu, Douglas G. Farmer, Ronald W. Busuttil, Jerzy W. Kupiec‐Weglinski, Bibo Ke – 7 May 2019 – The Hippo pathway, an evolutionarily conserved protein kinase cascade, tightly regulates cell growth and survival. Activation of yes‐associated protein (YAP), a downstream effector of the Hippo pathway, has been shown to modulate tissue inflammation.

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